Genetic engineering and vaccines
Order ID |
53563633773 |
Type |
Essay |
Writer Level |
Masters |
Style |
APA |
Sources/References |
4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order |
5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
Genetic engineering and vaccines
Genetic engineering has revolutionized the development and production of vaccines. Vaccines are a critical tool for preventing and controlling infectious diseases, and genetic engineering has enabled the development of safer, more effective vaccines. In this essay, we will explore the relationship between genetic engineering and vaccines and their impact on public health.
Traditionally, vaccines are developed using weakened or inactivated pathogens, which are then injected into the body to stimulate an immune response. This approach has been successful in controlling many infectious diseases, such as polio, measles, and smallpox. However, the use of live pathogens carries a risk of causing serious side effects, particularly in people with weakened immune systems. Additionally, the production of vaccines using live pathogens can be time-consuming and expensive.
Genetic engineering has enabled the development of new vaccine platforms that do not rely on live pathogens. One of the most promising approaches is the use of recombinant DNA technology, which involves the insertion of genes from a pathogen into a harmless vector, such as a virus or bacterium. The vector is then used to produce large quantities of the protein antigen, which can be used to stimulate an immune response.
Another approach is the use of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, which work by introducing a small piece of genetic material into the body that instructs cells to produce a specific protein antigen. This approach has been used successfully in the development of COVID-19 vaccines, which have been shown to be highly effective in preventing severe illness and death.
Genetic engineering has also enabled the development of multivalent vaccines, which protect against multiple strains of a pathogen. For example, the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine protects against several strains of HPV that can cause cervical cancer and other cancers.
In addition to improving vaccine efficacy, genetic engineering has also made vaccine production more efficient and cost-effective. Traditional vaccine production methods can be slow and expensive, requiring the growth and purification of large quantities of live pathogens. In contrast, recombinant DNA technology allows for the production of large quantities of antigens in a relatively short amount of time, making vaccine production more efficient and cost-effective.
Genetic engineering has also enabled the development of novel vaccine delivery systems. For example, researchers are exploring the use of nanoparticles as a vaccine delivery platform, which could potentially increase the effectiveness of vaccines by enhancing the immune response.
Despite the many benefits of genetic engineering in vaccine development, there are also some concerns. One concern is the potential for unintended consequences, such as the creation of new pathogens or the transfer of genes to other organisms. To address these concerns, researchers are taking steps to ensure that genetically engineered vaccines are safe and effective, and that they do not pose any risks to public health or the environment.
Another concern is the potential for vaccine hesitancy and resistance. Some people may be hesitant to receive vaccines that are produced using genetic engineering, due to concerns about safety or a lack of understanding about the technology. To address this concern, it is important to educate the public about the safety and efficacy of genetically engineered vaccines and to ensure that they are rigorously tested and regulated.
In conclusion, genetic engineering has revolutionized the development and production of vaccines, enabling the development of safer, more effective, and more efficient vaccines. Genetic engineering has also enabled the development of novel vaccine platforms and delivery systems, which could have significant implications for public health. However, it is important to address concerns about safety, efficacy, and public acceptance, to ensure that genetically engineered vaccines are used in a way that benefits public health.
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE |
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POOR / UNSATISFACTORY |
SATISFACTORY |
GOOD |
EXCELLENT |
Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. |
30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. |
5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. |
Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors |
10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. |
Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. |
5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper |
7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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Genetic engineering and vaccines
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