Understanding the Interplay Between Genes and Environment
Order ID |
53563633773 |
Type |
Essay |
Writer Level |
Masters |
Style |
APA |
Sources/References |
4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order |
5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
Heredity and Addiction: Understanding the Interplay Between Genes and Environment
Addiction is a complex phenomenon that arises from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Heredity plays a crucial role in addiction, as research suggests that genetic factors can account for up to 50% of the variability in addiction risk. However, the environment also plays a significant role, and the interplay between genes and environment is complex.
One way to understand the role of genes in addiction is to consider the concept of heritability. Heritability is the proportion of variance in a trait (such as addiction) that is due to genetic factors. Heritability estimates for addiction vary depending on the type of addiction and the population being studied, but most estimates fall between 40-60%. This suggests that genetic factors play a significant role in addiction risk.
Research has identified several specific genes that may be involved in addiction, including genes related to dopamine, serotonin, and GABA neurotransmitter systems. These genes influence the way that the brain responds to drugs and other addictive substances, making some individuals more susceptible to addiction than others.
However, it is important to note that genes do not act in isolation. Environmental factors also play a crucial role in addiction risk. For example, individuals who experience high levels of stress, trauma, or social isolation may be more likely to develop addiction, even if they have no genetic predisposition. Additionally, exposure to drugs and other addictive substances is a significant environmental risk factor for addiction.
The interplay between genes and environment is complex, and it is often difficult to disentangle the effects of each factor. One way to approach this issue is through the study of gene-environment interactions. Gene-environment interactions occur when the effect of a genetic variant on a trait (such as addiction) depends on the presence or absence of a specific environmental factor. For example, one study found that a genetic variant related to dopamine function was only associated with increased risk for addiction in individuals who experienced high levels of stress. This suggests that genetic risk factors for addiction may only be relevant in certain environmental contexts.
Another way to understand the interplay between genes and environment is through the study of epigenetics. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that occur as a result of environmental factors, such as exposure to drugs or stress. These changes can be passed down from one generation to the next, meaning that environmental factors can have long-lasting effects on gene expression and behavior. For example, one study found that rats exposed to cocaine during pregnancy showed changes in gene expression in their offspring, even if the offspring had never been exposed to cocaine themselves.
Overall, addiction is a complex phenomenon that arises from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Heredity plays a significant role in addiction risk, but environmental factors are also crucial. The interplay between genes and environment is complex and multifaceted, and understanding this interplay is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies for addiction
Understanding the Interplay Between Genes and Environment
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE |
NO RESPONSE |
POOR / UNSATISFACTORY |
SATISFACTORY |
GOOD |
EXCELLENT |
Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. |
30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. |
5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. |
Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors |
10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. |
Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. |
5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper |
7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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