The Components of The Logistics Information System
Order ID |
53563633773 |
Type |
Essay |
Writer Level |
Masters |
Style |
APA |
Sources/References |
4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order |
5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
The Components of The Logistics Information System
Reporting 121
Figure 4-34: List of requisitions. Copyright SAP AG 2011
Demo 4.12: Reporting – lists
PURCHASING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Recall from Chapter 2 that the purchasing information system (IS) is one of the components of the logistics information system. Purchasing IS provides both standard and fl exible analysis capabilities.
In standard analysis, the characteristics are organizational levels and master data relevant to the procurement process. Key fi gures include quan- tities, such as the amount of a material ordered or delivered; value, such as the value of material ordered or delivered; and counts, such as the number of purchase orders. Companies combine the characteristics and key fi gures over a specifi c time period to generate meaningful information that they can use to evaluate the performance of the process. Examples of this type of information are:
- The quantity of a particular material ordered in the last 30 days
- The quantity of a material delivered by a particular vendor last week
- The number of purchase orders send to a particular vendor last month
- The average time between sending a purchase order and receiving the materials in the last year, for each vendor
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- The average value of purchase orders sent to a particular vendor in the last quarter
Figure 4-35 provides an example of standard analysis using the purchasing information system. In this example, the characteristic selected is purchas- ing group, and the key fi gures are purchase order value and invoice amount, for two months (February and March). The top part of the resulting report shows two purchasing groups (the United States and Europe) and the key fi g- ures (order value and invoice amount) for each one. The fi gure illustrates the drilldown feature, showing that the United States purchased from two ven- dors, Spy Gear and Redwood Kits. It also highlights the data for one of the vendors, Spy Gear, for each of the two months.
Figure 4-35: Standard analysis
122 CHAPTER 4 The Procurement Process
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Demo 4.13: Reporting – standard analysis using the purchasing information system
In contrast to standard analysis, fl exible analysis enables the user to defi ne the content and format of the analysis. We explained in Chapter 2 that in fl exible analysis, characteristics and key fi gures can be combined as needed. Figure 4-36 is an example of fl exible analysis using the purchasing information system. The report in the fi gure is based on combining the characteristics of vendor, material, and month with the key fi gures order value and number of items in the order. Vendor and material are displayed in the rows, while the month, order value, and number of order items are shown in the columns.
Figure 4-36: Flexible analysis
C H A P T E R S U M M A R Y
The procurement process involves the activities required to purchase, receive, and pay for the goods and services that an organization needs for its operations. A company’s procurement process is typically optimized for both the types of goods and services it purchases and the location and use of those goods by other processes, such as manufacturing. Because the procurement process involves signifi cant amounts of collaboration and commerce with suppliers, it must be strategically linked with the manufacturing and material planning pro- cesses to ensure that the proper amount of the correct materials are procured at the right price for the right time. In addition, given the amount of money that companies spend during the procurement process, many of the data and
Chapter Summary 123
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requirements associated with purchasing are designed to ensure proper fi nan- cial accounting and controlling compliance.
The procurement process consists of six key steps: requirements deter- mination, supplier selection, order processing, goods receipt, invoice verifi – cation, and payment processing. To function properly, procurement requires organizational data such as plant, storage locations, purchasing organization, and purchasing group. Master data are also needed to account for the value of the goods and services that are purchased as well as for controlling purposes to manage the process effi ciently. Tolerances, controls, and conditions are predetermined data qualities that enable the procurement process to oper- ate in a more automated fashion. Materials that have been received by the company must be assigned to a material account in order to properly record the fi nancial impact of the procurement and use of the material. In addition, materials that have been received into stock must be classifi ed according to their availability status to ensure that they are properly allocated to the pro- cesses that utilize them.
Likewise, when materials are moved within the organization, either from one process to another or from one storage location to another, the movement must be recorded to properly account for the quantity, value, and location of the goods.
K E Y T E R M S
Account assignment category
Account assignment object
Account determination
Accounting data
Blocked stock
Company-level purchasing organization
Conditions
Condition types
Consignment
Consumable materials
Contracts
Delivery document
Delivery tolerances
Enterprise-level purchasing organization
Financial accounting data
General data
Goods issue
Goods movement
Goods receipt
Goods receipt document
Goods receipt processing time
In quality inspection
Invoice verifi cation
Item categories
Material document
Movement types
Outline purchase agreements
Packing list
Plant-level purchasing organization
Price control
Purchase order
Purchasing data
Purchasing group
Purchasing info record
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Purchasing organization
Scheduling agreements
Services
Source list
Standard
Stock in transit
Stock materials
Stock transfer
Stock transfer
Stock types
Storage locations
Subcontracting
Third-party order
Three-way match
Transfer posting
Unrestricted use
Valuation class
Valuation currency
Vendor master data
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE |
NO RESPONSE |
POOR / UNSATISFACTORY |
SATISFACTORY |
GOOD |
EXCELLENT |
Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. |
30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. |
5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. |
Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors |
10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. |
Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. |
5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper |
7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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