Philosophy Influence on Curriculum Essay Paper
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Philosophy Influence on Curriculum Essay Paper
Choose one of the educational philosophies and develop an article critique on its implications in curriculum development. Format and Rubric included.
1). Perennialism; its philosophical base is realism.
2). Essentialism; its philosophical base idealism and realism.
3). Progressivism; its philosophical pragmatism.
4). Reconstructionism; its philosophical pragmatism.
Curriculum development is heavily influenced by philosophy, those involved in such planning should be clear on its philosophy. If its philosophy is not clear, curriculum plans and teaching procedures will be inconsistent and confusing. One personal educational philosophy of education is a crucial professional responsibility. Thus, educators must be open to new ideas that may lead to a revision or refinement of our philosophies. In the end, our philosophy needs to be politically and economically feasible and that serves the needs of students and society.
These four educational philosophies are derivative from the roots of idealism, realism, pragmatism, and existentialism. These philosophies have influenced curriculum development.
Perennialism draws heavily on subject-centered disciplines or logically organized bodies of content that emphasize the teaching and learning of languages, literature, sciences, and arts. There is one common curriculum that all students must learn with little room for electives.
Progressivism advocates against perennial thinking in education. It was considered a contemporary reformist movement in educational, social, and political affairs. Progressivists believe the skills and tools of learning include problem-solving and scientific inquiry with learning experiences that include cooperative learning with self-discipline, which is viewed as necessary for democratic living.
Essentialism is rooted partly in idealism and realism, which evolved as a critique of progressivism. Although many essentialists do not object to progressivism methods, they do believe education should prepare students to adjust to a changing society. However, they believe learning should consist in mastering subject matter that reflects knowledge in various disciplines. The philosophy is noted for widespread implementation of competency-based programs, grade-level achievement standards, and the movement of reemphasizing academic subjects.
Reconstructionists believe schools and colleges shape the attitudes and values of each generation. As a result, students become adults with shared values which will reshape society. Its curriculum pushes social, economic, and political education. The subject matter is to be used as a vehicle for studying social problems which must serve as the focus of the curriculum.
These educational philosophies are deeply rooted throughout the history of curriculum development, and they will continue to be, besides societal needs.
Moreover, let’s explore the major contributions of several educational philosophers and theorists to curriculum development which has shaped teaching and learning in American schools. Those philosophers are Hollis Caldwell, Ralph Tyler, Franklin Bobbit, Werret Charters, William Kilpatrick, and Harold Rugg. Attached is an overview of their views on curriculum development and well-known work.
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors 10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. GET THIS PROJECT NOW BY CLICKING ON THIS LINK TO PLACE THE ORDER
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