Module 7 Callahan Worksheet Assignment
Order ID |
53563633773 |
Type |
Essay |
Writer Level |
Masters |
Style |
APA |
Sources/References |
4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order |
5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
Module 7 Callahan Worksheet Assignment
Module 7, Callahan, Worksheet
Module 7 Reading Questions Assignment
Read the following from our textbook:
Callahan “Killing and Allowing to Die” (pp 399-402)
Brock “Voluntary Active Euthanasia” (pp 402- 404) Orentlicher “The Supreme Court and PAS…” (pp 414-418)
Read the following news articles (Located in Module 7 in the submodule ‘Module 7 Reading Questions Material’):
“A Dying Man’s Wish to Save Others Hits Hospital Ethics Hurdle” and “Assisted Suicide is Controversial But Palliative Sedation is Legal”
Respond to the questions here and submit to the Module 7 Reading Questions Assignment Dropbox.
Callahan questions:
1. What is Callahan arguing for (what is his main conclusion)?
2. Callahan tries to make the case that there is a difference between killing and letting die by referring to “three different, though overlapping, perspectives on nature and human action” (p 400). What are those three perspectives? (just list them here)
3. With regard to the first perspective, how does Callahan use it to support his claim that there is a moral difference between killing and letting die?
4. With regard to the second perspective, how does Callahan use it to support his claim that there is a moral difference between killing and letting die?
5. What is the “one group of ambiguous cases that is especially troublesome” to Callahan’s goal of making a moral distinction between killing and letting die (p. 401). Why are they troublesome for his view? How does
Callahan interpret these cases (so that they do not pose problems for his view)?
- With regard to the final perspective, how does Callahan use it to support his view that there is a moral difference between killing and letting die?
Brock questions:
1. What 2 values does Brock mention at the beginning of his article that supports the morality of voluntary active euthanasia?
2. How does the first value you mentioned in question 1 support active euthanasia?
3. How does the second value mentioned in question 1 support active euthanasia?
4. Brock discusses, on the right side of page 403, an argument against voluntary active euthanasia. Explain that argument.
5. What is Brock’s criticism of the argument you explained in question 4?
Orentlicher questions:
1. What is terminal sedation? What is the “second step” usually involved in terminal sedation?
- Orentlicher claims that terminal sedation is a form of “slow euthanasia” (p 415). What does he mean by that?
- Why might some people think terminal sedation is morally acceptable?
- Why does Orentlicher say that withdrawing nutrition and hydration is different in thecase of terminal sedation from those cases where it is acceptably withdrawn from patients in PVS? (That is, why is withdrawing nutrition and hydration “more like euthanasia” in terminal sedation?)
- Explain what the Principle of Double Effect is and how it can be used to justify terminal sedation.
- What does Orentlicher say about this use of the Principle of Double Effect in trying to justify terminal sedation? (Does he think it works as a justification?)
- Orentlicher states that terminal sedation is just as or more problematic than either assisted suicide or voluntary euthanasia because of the risk of abuse. Explain why he says that.
- Orentlicher also says that terminal sedation is just as or is more problematic than assisted suicide or voluntary euthanasia because it serves fewer of the purposes of the right-to-die law. Explain his argument here.
- Orentlicher says that “because terminal sedation is often a type of euthanasia, the Court’s acceptance of it undermines key objections to the legalization of assisted suicide” (p. 416). First, explain what the two key objections are to legalizing PAS. Then explain why Orentlicher says that terminal sedation undermines those two objections.
- Why does Orentlicher think the Supreme Court endorsed terminal sedation? And why does he think that the Court rejected assisted suicide?
Reflection Questions
As mentioned in the news article “Assisted Suicide is Controversial but Palliative Sedation is Legal,” many doctors draw a bright line between palliative sedation and euthanasia. On what basis is that line drawn? (For example—how does Thomas Strouse distinguish between the two)? How is Strouse’s view related to the Doctrine of Double Effect?
Given the answers to questions 7 and 8 for the Orentlicher article, what do you think Orentlicher would say to Strouse’s claim that there is a moral difference between palliative sedation and euthanasia? What do you think—is palliative sedation a form of “slow euthanasia” and what then does your answer here say about the moral status of both palliative sedation and active euthanasia?
Do you think the Doctrine of Double Effect is a good basis for distinguishing the ethics of palliative sedation versus (active) euthanasia (killing)? Why or why not?
After reading the article “A Dying Man’s Wish to Save Others Hits Hospital Ethics Hurdle,” reflect on the following: What are the main ethical issues raised by the situation described in the article? What do you think Callahan would say about these issues? (for example, would Callahan agree with the lawyers for University Hospital in NJ)?
What would Brock say? What are your thoughts about the Callahan and Brock articles (generally, and as they relate to this case)? In particular, do you think there is an ethical distinction between killing versus allowing to die (as Callahan argues)? Do you think active euthanasia ought to be ethically permitted?
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE |
NO RESPONSE |
POOR / UNSATISFACTORY |
SATISFACTORY |
GOOD |
EXCELLENT |
Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. |
30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. |
5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. |
Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors |
10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. |
Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. |
5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper |
7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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