Genetic engineering and CRISPR
Order ID |
53563633773 |
Type |
Essay |
Writer Level |
Masters |
Style |
APA |
Sources/References |
4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order |
5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
Genetic engineering and CRISPR
Genetic engineering is a technology that allows scientists to manipulate an organism’s DNA in order to achieve a desired outcome, such as creating crops that are resistant to pests or designing new therapies for genetic diseases. One of the most important recent developments in genetic engineering has been the emergence of a new tool known as CRISPR.
CRISPR stands for “clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats.” It is a naturally occurring system that bacteria use to defend themselves against viruses by cutting and disabling viral DNA. Scientists have adapted this system for use in genetic engineering, allowing them to make precise, targeted changes to an organism’s DNA.
The CRISPR system consists of two main components: a guide RNA (gRNA) and a nuclease called Cas9. The gRNA is designed to bind to a specific target sequence in an organism’s DNA, while Cas9 acts as a pair of molecular scissors, cutting the DNA at the targeted site. This allows researchers to add, delete, or replace specific genes, creating new traits in organisms.
One of the major advantages of CRISPR is its precision. Traditional genetic engineering techniques, such as transgenic modification, often involve the insertion of foreign genes into an organism’s DNA in a relatively random fashion, which can have unpredictable effects on the organism’s behavior and health. In contrast, CRISPR allows researchers to make precise, targeted changes to an organism’s DNA, minimizing the risk of unintended consequences.
Another advantage of CRISPR is its versatility. While the initial applications of CRISPR have largely focused on editing the DNA of plants and animals, researchers have also explored its potential applications in a wide range of other fields, including medicine, biotechnology, and basic research.
For example, CRISPR has been used to create new therapies for genetic diseases, such as sickle cell anemia and Huntington’s disease, by editing the DNA of a patient’s cells to correct the underlying genetic defect. Researchers have also used CRISPR to create transgenic animals, such as mice that are resistant to cancer, and to study the role of specific genes in disease.
Despite its many potential benefits, there are also concerns about the use of CRISPR. One of the main concerns is the potential for unintended consequences, such as off-target effects where the CRISPR system cuts the DNA at unintended sites. This could potentially lead to harmful mutations or other negative effects on the organism’s health.
There are also ethical concerns about the use of CRISPR, particularly with regards to its potential use in human germline editing, where changes made to an individual’s DNA could be passed on to future generations. Some critics argue that this could be used to create “designer babies” or to enhance human traits such as intelligence or physical abilities, raising concerns about social inequality and eugenics.
In conclusion, CRISPR is a powerful new tool that has revolutionized the field of genetic engineering, allowing researchers to make precise, targeted changes to an organism’s DNA. While this technology offers many potential benefits, it is also subject to a range of ethical and safety concerns, and it is important to carefully consider these issues as we continue to explore the potential applications of CRISPR in various fields.
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE |
NO RESPONSE |
POOR / UNSATISFACTORY |
SATISFACTORY |
GOOD |
EXCELLENT |
Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. |
30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. |
5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. |
Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors |
10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. |
Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. |
5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper |
7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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Genetic engineering and CRISPR
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