Diagnosing Fetal Craniofacial Conditions Assignment
Order ID 53563633773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages to Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
Diagnosing Fetal Craniofacial Conditions Assignment
Sue and Tim were referred for genetic counseling after they inquired about the risk of having a child with a cleft lip. Tim was born with a mild cleft lip that was surgically repaired. He expressed concern that his future children could be at risk for a more severe form of clefting. Sue was in her 12th week of pregnancy, and both were anxious about the pregnancy because Sue had had a difficult time conceiving.
The couple stated that they would not consider terminating the pregnancy for any reason but wanted to be prepared for the possibility of having a child with a birth defect. The genetic counselor took a three-generation family history from both Sue and Tim and found that Tim was the only person to have had a cleft lip. Sue’s family history showed no cases of cleft lip.
Tim and Sue had several misconceptions about clefting, and the genetic counselor spent time explaining how cleft lips occur and some of the known causes of this birth defect. The following list summarizes the counselor’s discussion with the couple. ƒ Fathers, as well as mothers, can pass on genes that cause clefting. ƒ Some clefts are caused by environmental factors, meaning that the condition didn’t come from the father or the mother. ƒ One child in 33 is born with some sort of birth defect. ƒ One in 700 is born with a cleft-related birth defect. ƒ Most clefts occur in boys; however, a girl can be born with a cleft. ƒ If a person (male or female) is born with a cleft, the chances of that person having a child with a cleft, given no other obvious factor, is 7 in 100. ƒ Some clefts are related to identify able syndromes.
Of those, some are autosomal dominant. A person with an autosomal dominant gene has a 50% probability of passing the gene to an off spring. ƒ Many clefts run in families even when there does not seem to be any identify able syndrome present. ƒ Clefting seems to be related to ethnicity, occurring most often among Asians, Latinos, and Native Americans (1:500); next most often among persons of European ethnicity (1:700); and least often among persons of African origin (1:1,000). ƒ A cleft condition develops during the fourth to the eighth week of pregnancy.
After that critical period, nothing the mother does can cause a cleft. Sometimes a cleft develops even before the mother is aware that she is pregnant. ƒ Women who smoke are twice as likely to give birth to a child with a cleft. ƒ Women who ingest large quantities of vitamin A or low quantities of folic acid are more likely to have children with a cleft.
In about 70% of cases, the fetal face is clearly visible using ultrasound. Facial disorders have been detected at the 15th gestational week of pregnancy. Ultrasound can be precise and reliable in diagnosing fetal craniofacial conditions.
- After hearing this information, should Sue and Tim feel that their chances of having a child with a cleft lip are increased over that of the general population?
- Can cleft lip be surgically corrected?
- If the child showed a cleft lip through ultrasound analysis and the parents then started blaming each other (because Sue is a smoker and Tim was born with the defect), how would you counsel them?
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). 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APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. 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The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. GET THIS PROJECT NOW BY CLICKING ON THIS LINK TO PLACE THE ORDER
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