Order ID 53563633773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages To Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
Challenges facing Children and Adolescents
- Challenges facing Children and Adolescents….
- Internet/ Social networking
- Sexual-identity, relationships, media
- Grief and Loss
- Violence- media, movies, living with violence
- Sleep deprivation
- Alcohol and Drugs
- Living in Poverty
- Internet
- Exposure to the world – there are positive and negative aspects
- Access to so much information, often inappropriate
- Internet is forever- concerns about what kids post
- Vulnerability to on line predators
- Social networking
- is now the norm – facebook, twitter, snap chat, Instagram etc
- No downtime, available 24/7
- Children accessing at a young age – lose practice in developing social skills, affecting the ability to interact socially, reduced social awareness and sensitivity
- Bullying – is easier to do if you don’t have to see the hurt
- Addiction problems
- Based self worth on number of “friends”
- Sexuality/ Sexualisation
- Adolescents go through identity development and determining their sexual identity is part of this. Romantic relationships form.
- Sexualisation of children – media, advertisements
- Unrealistic ideas of beauty promoted by media and movies resulting in body image issues
- Availability of pornography- influencing perception of sexual relationships, power issues in sexual relationships, desensitizing effect resulting in the need for more extreme images to create arousal
- Overview of Sexual Identity
https://headspace.org.au/young-people/sexuality-for-young-people/
- Body Image
- Grief and Loss
- Important to have some experiences of this to enable children to learn coping skills
- Many loss experiences, include death of a dog, to parents separating, to moving school, illness, death in family
- Many different reactions to grief and loss, different time frames
- Need support, offer of couselling (may need this further down the track)
- Children may revisit the loss at different times as their understanding of it develops
- Psycho education for the child or adolescent is important
- If not managed well can progress to more pervasive mental health conditions
- Violence
- Issue off desensitisation to violent images due to media
- Very young children/babies playing games on phones/ipads- huge implications re desensitisation, lack of face to face interaction.
- Exposure to traumas as they unfold
- Eg: Bushfires, Lindt siege, global conflict
- Potential for vicarious traumatization
- Psych education- extremely important
- Family Violence
- Verbal, physical, sexual
- Can be chronic and insidious, and go unrecognised as violence
- Can lead to vicarious trauma and PTSD
- May perpetuate the cycle of violence
* Verbal abuse needs to be recognised as violence
- Explaining Behaviourycle of violence
- Changing Behaviour
Patterns of change- Explaining relationships
Circle model for establishing boundaries- Sleep
- Body clock moves back in adolescence
Melatonin
- a hormone produced by pineal gland
- regulates onset and quality of sleep.
- peeks at 1pm in adolescents causing sleepiness, 10pm in adults
- The tendency to want to sleep in continues until….
- 5 in girls, 20.5 in boy
- Age 10-18 need 9 1/4 hours a night
Sleep deprivation
- Most adolescents get 7 hrs a night (Carskadon, 1999)
- So many are sleep deprived causing…
- Emotion centres of brain to be 60% more active
- Reduction in REM sleep which consolidates learning and memory
- Hormones critical for growth and sexual maturation are released mostly during sleep
- Decreased motivation, tolerance, attention span, self control
- Increase irritability, daytime sleepiness,
- Missing 2 hours per night has the same effect as .05 blood alcohol level
- Sleep Tips
- Create a routine- Go to bed and get up and the same time every day
- Melatonin induced by dark…so no bright lights
- Body temperature not too high, as melatonin won’t secrete
- No late exercise or caffeine (stimulants
- Minimise anxiety and No screens in the bedroom
- Avoid naps
- Chamomile and peppermint tea induce sleep!
- Alcohol use in young people
- In the last 10 years in Victoria, there are 5 times more adolescents being treated for alcohol related problems
- In Australia,
- 1 in 5 (<25yrs) are hospitalized due to alcohol
- 1 in 8 deaths of young Australians are attributable to alcohol abuse (National Council on Drugs Report, 2013)
- Alcohol Studies
- 80% of under 18’s drink
- 50% of under 18’s binge drink (Michael Carr Greg)
- 50% grade 5 kids have had alcohol given to the by their parents (Toumbourou, 2006, Australia)
- More than 20% of 14-19 year olds consume alcohol on a weekly basis. (National Drug Strategy Household Survey in Australia, 2007)
- Adolescents can drink more than adults without feeling the effects, as their brain is not fully developed….so they are at more risk of harm
- Effects of Alcohol Use in Young people
- Adolescents who drink (50 standard drinks per month) permanently damage their brain.
- Size of hippocampus is reduced, effecting memory and learning
(De Bellis et al, 2002)
- Alcohol use at a young age may increase the likelihood of…
- negative physical health conditions
- negative mental health conditions
- social problems
- alcohol dependence
Hemmingsson & Lundberg (2001); Hingson et al (2003); Guilamo-Ramos et al (2004); Toumbourou et al (2004); Wells et al (2004); Jefferis et al (2005).
- Risk of alcohol dependence is much greater if the brain is still developing (Hingson, 2006)
Children who started drinking before 14 yrs….
- 47% had lifetime alcohol dependence
- 27% within 10 years of onset
Children who started drinking after 21 yrs……..
- 9% had lifetime alcohol dependence
- 4% within 10 years of onset
Note: ‘drinking’ – does not include tastes or sips
- Conclusion:
“There is a need to screen and counsel adolescents about alcohol use and to implement policies and programs to delay alcohol consumption.” (Hingson, 2006, p.739)
- Alcohol use in young people
- Living in Poverty
- Today, one in seven Australian children and young people are living in poverty, where even life’s basics are hard to come by.
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U39W5Fgdsfw
What are some of the impacts for the children depicted in this documentary?
- Theoretical Framework
- As we have already discussed, not one theory will explain all.
- Here is another theory to underpin some of the ideas presented today.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.
- Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow 1908-1970
American Psychologist
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-4ithG_07Q
How might this inform your counselling
Approach?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O-4ithG_07Q
- Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- Influences on the Child and Adolescent
- There are many challenges that face children and adolescents today and each child’s experience is different.
- Bronfrenbrenner’s model depicted the child being at the centre, and the various influences surrounding the child as systems.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5htRhvm4iyI
- Bronfenbrenner’s model activity
Using Bronfenbrenner’s model, can you identify your Microsystem, Mesosystem, Exosystem and Macrosystem?
How could you use this model as a counselling strategy for children and adolescents?
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. 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