Order ID 53563633773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages To Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
Week 1 Discussion 1 – Conducting a Statistical Study
Learning Objectives Covered
- LO 01.03 – Outline the overall process and particular steps in designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting and presenting results
- LO 02.02 – Determine sampling methods and the benefits of each
Career Relevancy
No matter what line of work or field you are in, the collection and analysis of data are important. Asking questions, thinking about a way to answer those questions, conducting an experiment, and deriving a conclusion are steps that can be used in business, health care, education, and administration. What if you are a plant manager and want to know the number of defective items rolling off the assembly line or are an information technology specialist wanting to test if a new software program should be pushed out to the whole company? What will you do? How will you conduct your test?
Background
What is the significance of the data? Why spend time to collect, analyze, and interpret it? That’s almost like asking why is having information important. What if you have a question such as “What bug repellent works most effectively” or “Does hand sanitizer work just as well as soap and water”, how would you answer those questions?
There are five steps to conducting an experiment or study:
- Research
2. Come up with a plan
3. Collect data
4. Analyze data
5. Write a conclusionResearch
What question are you trying to answer? What theory are you trying to prove? After you come up with a question, research the topic. For example, if you want to find out which bug repellent is most effective, research different types of bug repellents—natural, chemical, spray, crème—different climates, ingredients, and population of people. Look at research and studies that have already been done—are you asking a unique question or asking a question that has already been asked and answered? What data did other similar studies collect? How did they conduct their experiment—what factors or variables were used?
Come up with a plan
Take the topic, question, and research you conducted and make your plan. What variables do you want to measure and how will you measure them? What are your dependent and independent variables? Before you collect data, you need to know what you plan to measure, how, what your plan is to analyze the data and what type of sample you will use.
A sample is a part of the entire population and there are four different types of sampling methods:
- Random:a person or thing is chosen at random to be included in the study. The advantage of this method is that it eliminates bias, but it is difficult to do because of the time and effort needed to do it.
- Stratified:a population or group that is divided into smaller sub-groups—taking a subset of adults to narrow down a large population. This method is thought to be more accurate than random sampling because the group that you are trying to study is broken down into smaller groups before the random sample is taken which gives a better representation of the entire population.
- Systematic:another type of random sampling is picking an integer. For example, if you have a list of 100 people for your experiment, instead of using all 100, you decide to use every 8th name on the list. Person number 8, 16, 24, 32 (and so on) would be used in the experiment instead of all 100. This method is popular among researchers because it represents a population in a faster and simpler method.
- Cluster:a subset of the population is broken down into a subset or cluster. For example, taking participants for an entire state and breaking them into clusters by cities, then deciding on the number of cities you want to use for your experiment. Researchers who use this method may prefer it because cluster sampling is less expensive and reduces variability.
Collect data
Once you know all your parameters, it’s time to conduct your experiment. The time that your study will take can vary depending on what you are measuring or trying to prove.
Analyze data
Whatever plan you came up with to analyze your data, stick to it. Deviating from your original plan that was based on the hypothesis you are trying to prove, may skew your data.
Write your conclusions
What did your experiment or study prove? Did it prove your hypothesis correct or incorrect? Provide detailed information about every phase of your study and document your research and findings.
Resources and References
Frost, J. (2019). 5 steps for conducting scientific studies with statistical analyses. Statistics by Jim. https://statisticsbyjim.com/basics/scientific-studies/ (Links to an external site.)
Nickolas, S. (2019, July 14). How stratified random sampling works. Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/032615/what-are-some-examples-stratified-random-sampling.asp (Links to an external site.)
Prompt
Jenna has been tasked by her employer to collect data yearly to measure employee satisfaction at her workplace. Jenna works for ABC Auto Sales as an assistant human resources manager and needs to collect survey data that includes several questions about satisfaction but given the size of the company would like to take a representative sample.
Currently, there are five different types of employees working for ABC Auto Sales: salespeople, repair technicians, finance personnel, human resources, and administrators/managers. Discuss the sampling method you feel would be most appropriate and explain why you chose that method. What are the benefits and potential inaccuracies from your sampling method?
In your replies, compare your chosen method to your peers. Which method would work better and why?
For your citation, you might use articles that show examples of sampling method applications. You can also find articles from experts that suggest inaccurate applications in sampling employee populations.
Your initial and reply posts should work to develop a group understanding of this topic. Challenge each other. Build on each other. Always be respectful but discuss this and figure it out together.
Reply Requirements
You must submit:
- 1 main post of 200 + words with 2 in-text citation and reference
Week 1 Discussion 2 – Show Me the Data!
1
Learning Objectives Covered
- LO 01.03 – Outline the overall process and particular steps in designing studies, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting and presenting results
- LO 02.03 – Evaluate graphs and determine what they are and are not demonstrating
Career Relevancy
Knowing how to show the results of your study is just as important as knowing how to collect, analyze, and interpret the data. The accurate representation of the results gives insight into the validity of your research and study. No matter what career path you choose, learning the fundamentals of how to present data will carry over into your professional and personal life.
Background
After you have done your research, come up with a plan, collected data and analyzed it—how do you show your results? How do you present the information in such a way to accurately represent your conclusions? Seeing is believing and pictures can often tell a better story than words. There are several graphs to choose from to represent data (the YouTube video embedded at the bottom gives great information about 14 different types of charts). What you choose depends on the type of data you collected and the purpose of your graph. Let’s review the four most common types: line graph, bar graph, histogram, and pie chart.
Line Graph
A line graph has a vertical and horizontal scale and is a good way to visually show changes over a period of time and comparisons. For example, if you want to display the difference in high temperatures of each month from Jan-July, a line graph presents the data in a way that you can see the temperature trends over time. One disadvantage is that a wide range of data can be difficult to read accurately on a line graph due to a cluttered appearance.
Bar Graph
Bar graphs show numbers or variables that are independent of each other (changes in one do not affect the other). Displaying how much time is spent on smartphones every day and what activities are being performed on the phones or students’ favorite after school activities are examples of categories of data that would be best represented with a bar graph. The bars compare quantities in different categories or groups. A disadvantage of a bar graph is that they can often require further explanation and can be easily manipulated to give false impressions.
Histogram
A histogram is similar to a bar chart in that it uses bars of different heights to display data, except it is commonly used for data that is not easily quantifiable, such as opinions. Ranges of values are on the bottom and the values that have greater frequencies have taller bars. Histograms can be inconvenient when comparing several categories at once.
Pie Chart
Pie charts show how a whole is divided into parts and is cut into segments. Pie charts are useful when wanting to show percentages or proportional data like sales by fiscal quarter, the monthly number of visitors to an amusement park, or revenue per geographical region. This type of chart is not the best choice when attempting to show data points over a period of time. One disadvantage of a pie chart is that it only shows one data set.
Whatever graph or chart you choose, be sure to choose an option that will accurately represent what you are trying to show visually.
Here is an optional video, Choosing the Right chart for Your Data (3:59 min)
Resources and References
Infogram. (2016, October 12). Choosing The Right Chart For Your Data. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3JUa6oFR3Ts (Links to an external site.)
Skillsyouneed. (n.d.). Graphs and charts. https://www.skillsyouneed.com/num/graphs-charts.html (Links to an external site.)
Taylor, C. (2019, August 1). 7 graphs commonly used in statistics. ThoughtCo. https://www.thoughtco.com/frequently-used-statistics-graphs-4158380 (Links to an external site.)
Prompt
Imagine you are tasked with convincing your family that vaccines are either safe or not needed and you need to present data to support your opinion. Describe the information you would use and how the data could be presented. What is the best way to present your data to support your conclusion?
In your replies, assume the opposing opinion of your peer. How could you challenge their data?
For your citation, you might use articles that show examples of how you can interpret data and individual perceptions of statistics. You can also find articles from experts that suggest how information should be collected.
Your initial and reply posts should work to develop a group understanding of this topic. Challenge each other. Build on each other. Always be respectful but discuss this and figure it out together.
Reply Requirements
You must submit:
- 1 main post of 200+ words with 2 in-text citation and reference
RUBRIC
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