The Virtual Web-Based Supply Chain’
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53563633773 |
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Essay |
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Masters |
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APA |
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4 |
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5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
The Virtual Web-Based Supply Chain’
STAT201, Extra Credit Projects
Apply the ideas of questioning the data (namely, examining the sources of data to evaluate their representativeness and quality) to newspaper and magazines that you read. This is a good course-long
activity to improve your statistical reasoning.
Project 1: Find an article that contains an example of a non-representative sample. Describe the sampling procedure and the weaknesses. How would you improve the sampling process? Attach a copy the article to your report.
project 2: Find an example of an eye-catching headline or title for an article explaining the results of an investigation. Describe the sampling process. Give a few questions that should be asked before the conclusions
should be accepted at face value. Attach a copy of the article to your report.
L O G I S T I C S & S U P P L Y C H A I N M A N A G E M E N T158
References
- Rayport, J.F. and Sviokla, J.J., ‘Managing in the marketspace’, Harvard Business Review, November–December 1994.
- Chandrashekar, A. and Schary, P., ‘The virtual web-based supply chain’, in Franke, U. (ed.), Managing Virtual Web Organizations in the 21st Century, Idea Group Publishing, 2002.
- Heinrich, C., Adapt or Die: Transforming your Supply Chain into an Adaptive Business Network, John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
- Lowson, R., King, R. and Hunter, A., Quick Response: Managing the Supply Chain to Meet Consumer Demand, John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
- Lei, D. and Goldhars, J.D., ‘Computer-Integrated manufacturing: redefining the manufacturing firm into a global service business’, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 11, No. 10, 1991.
- Forrester, J., Industrial Dynamics, MIT Press, 1961. 7. Abraham, M.M. and Lodish, L.M., ‘Getting the most out of advertising and
promotion’, Harvard Business Review, May–June 1990.
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We have several times in previous chapters suggested that rather than refer to supply chains we should talk instead about networks. The idea of a chain suggests a series of linear one-to-one relationships whereas the reality is that the focal firm lies at the centre of a complex web of interconnected and interrelated yet inde- pendent entities. Partly as a result of outsourcing activities that previously were performed in- house combined with the trend to offshore manufacturing, many companies have found that they have added to the complexity of their operations because the degree of interdependency across the network has increased. Thus an event or action taking place in one part of the network will often have unforeseen impacts somewhere else in the network. The unpredictability of these events is heightened by the growing volatility that characterises today’s business environment. The well-known ‘butterfly’ effect seems to typify much of today’s supply chain turbulence. The idea is that a butterfly, flapping its wings somewhere over the Amazon basin, can cause a hurricane thousands of miles away! Whilst this exam- ple of what is sometimes described as ‘chaotic’ effects may be a little far-fetched, it provides a useful reminder of how the ‘law of unintended consequences’ applies to today’s highly interconnected supply chains. In April 2010 a previously dormant volcano in Iceland erupted, sending a plume of ash into the upper atmosphere. A cloud of ash and debris from the eruption began to drift across the skies of Northern Europe. Because of a concern for air- craft safety most airports in the region were closed for the best part of a week. Whilst there was a considerable impact on individuals’ travel plans – many thou- sands of people were stranded away from home – there was also a less visible,
Complexity and the supply chain 8
MM The sources of supply chain complexity
MM The cost of complexity
MM Product design and supply chain complexity
MM Mastering complexity
but significant, impact on a number of supply chains. Many time-critical com- ponents are sent by air freight or air express and as major hubs in the UK and continental Europe were forced to close, the ‘butterfly effect’ was felt around the world. The extract from The Times below illustrates some of the problems caused by a volcano a long way from the factories that were affected, and thus highlights the increasing interconnectedness of global supply chains.
In its strictest sense, complexity does not mean complicated (although complex systems often are complicated) but rather it describes a condition of interconnect- edness and interdependency across a network. A good example of a complex system is the weather. Many different influences combine to create a specific weather condition; each of those influences are themselves the result of interac- tions and hence a small change in one element can fundamentally affect the final outcome. Hence the difficulties faced by weather forecasters trying to predict even tomorrow’s weather. Therefore the outcome of complexity in a supply chain, as with the weather, is uncertainty and with that uncertainty comes an increased likelihood that forecast error will increase in line with complexity. This growing uncertainty brings with it a serious challenge to the classic practice of running the business on the basis of forecasts. It will be apparent that in conditions of stability – and hence lower uncer- tainty – forecast accuracy should generally be high. Equally, the converse will be true, i.e. as uncertainty increases so too will forecast accuracy reduce. Hence the
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Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
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30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
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5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
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Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
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10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
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7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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