The Science of Summarizing: How to Write a Concise Summary
Order ID |
53563633773 |
Type |
Essay |
Writer Level |
Masters |
Style |
APA |
Sources/References |
4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order |
5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
The Science of Summarizing: How to Write a Concise Summary
Summarizing is the process of identifying and condensing the most important information from a long document into a shorter, more manageable format. The ability to summarize effectively is an essential skill in today’s fast-paced world, where we are bombarded with information from various sources and are often asked to read and understand long documents quickly.
The science of summarizing is rooted in cognitive psychology and natural language processing (NLP). Cognitive psychology studies how people process and understand information, while NLP is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction between computers and human languages. Together, these fields provide a solid foundation for understanding the process of summarizing and how to write a concise summary.
One of the key principles of the science of summarizing is the concept of information overload. In today’s world, we are constantly bombarded with information from various sources, and it can be overwhelming to try to process and understand all of it. Summarizing helps to alleviate this problem by identifying the most important information and presenting it in a concise and clear manner.
Another principle of the science of summarizing is the idea of active reading. Active reading is the process of actively engaging with the text, rather than passively reading it. When we actively engage with the text, we are better able to identify the main ideas and key points, and we are more likely to understand and retain the information.
The process of summarizing can be broken down into several steps. The first step is to read the text thoroughly and identify the main topic and theme. This can be done by paying attention to the introduction, body, and conclusion of the text, as these can provide clues about the main ideas and key points.
The next step is to identify the main ideas and key points. This can be done by paying attention to the structure of the text, such as the use of headings, subheadings, and bullet points, as well as the use of key phrases and concepts.
The third step is to eliminate unnecessary information. Many long documents contain redundant or irrelevant information that is not essential to understanding the main ideas and key points. By eliminating this information, we can focus on the most important information and save time.
The final step is to write a concise summary. This can be done by identifying the main topic and theme, the main ideas and key points, and any relevant information that is necessary to understand the text. The summary should be written in a clear and concise manner, and it should be no longer than one-third of the original text.
In addition to these steps, there are several techniques that can be used to write a concise summary. One technique is to use a summary template. A summary template is a pre-formatted document that guides you through the summarizing process. It includes prompts for identifying the main topic, main ideas, and key points, as well as space for notes and comments.
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE |
NO RESPONSE |
POOR / UNSATISFACTORY |
SATISFACTORY |
GOOD |
EXCELLENT |
Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. |
30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. |
5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. |
Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors |
10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. |
Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. |
5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper |
7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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The Science of Summarizing: How to Write a Concise Summary
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