The science behind genetic engineering
Order ID |
53563633773 |
Type |
Essay |
Writer Level |
Masters |
Style |
APA |
Sources/References |
4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order |
5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
The science behind genetic engineering
Genetic engineering, also known as genetic modification or biotechnology, is the process of manipulating the genetic material of organisms to alter their characteristics or traits. This is achieved through the use of advanced laboratory techniques that allow scientists to selectively modify the DNA of an organism.
The science behind genetic engineering is based on our understanding of the structure and function of DNA, the molecule that carries the genetic information of living organisms. DNA is made up of a sequence of four chemical building blocks, called nucleotides, that form a long, twisted double helix. The sequence of these nucleotides determines the genetic code of an organism, which in turn determines its physical traits and characteristics.
To genetically engineer an organism, scientists first identify the specific gene or genes that are responsible for the trait they wish to modify. This can be done through a variety of techniques, such as studying the DNA sequence of the organism or using genetic mapping to identify the location of the target gene.
Once the target gene has been identified, scientists use a variety of techniques to modify or manipulate it. One common technique is to use enzymes called restriction enzymes to cut the DNA at specific locations. This creates what is known as a “restriction site,” which can be used to insert or remove genetic material from the DNA sequence.
Another common technique is to use a process called gene splicing, which involves cutting and recombining pieces of DNA from different sources. This allows scientists to introduce new genetic material into an organism’s DNA, either by adding new genes or by modifying existing ones.
Once the genetic modification has been made, scientists use a variety of methods to transfer the modified DNA into the target organism. In plants, this is often done using a technique called “biolistics,” which involves using a gene gun to shoot tiny metal particles coated with the modified DNA into plant cells. In animals, genetic modifications can be made using techniques such as gene therapy, which involves using viruses to deliver the modified DNA into cells.
The potential applications of genetic engineering are vast, and the technology has been used to develop a wide range of products and processes. In agriculture, genetic engineering has led to the development of crops that are more resistant to pests and diseases, that have higher yields, and that can tolerate environmental stresses such as drought or salinity. In medicine, genetic engineering has enabled the production of new treatments and therapies, such as gene therapies for genetic diseases and the production of biologics for treating cancer and other diseases.
However, genetic engineering also carries significant risks and raises important ethical concerns. There is a risk of unintended consequences, such as unexpected environmental impacts or unintended effects on human health. There is also a risk that genetically modified organisms could cause harm to human health, either through direct consumption or through environmental exposure. Finally, genetic engineering raises concerns about the potential for misuse of the technology, such as the development of bioweapons or the use of genetically engineered organisms for nefarious purposes.
In conclusion, genetic engineering is a powerful and rapidly advancing technology that has the potential to revolutionize many aspects of our lives, from agriculture to medicine to the environment. The science behind genetic engineering is based on our understanding of the structure and function of DNA, and involves a variety of techniques for manipulating and modifying genetic material. While the technology offers many benefits, it also carries significant risks and raises important ethical concerns that must be carefully considered and addressed.
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE |
NO RESPONSE |
POOR / UNSATISFACTORY |
SATISFACTORY |
GOOD |
EXCELLENT |
Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. |
30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. |
5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. |
Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors |
10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. |
Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. |
5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper |
7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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The science behind genetic engineering
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