The connection between public expenditure and inflation in the Middle East and North Africa
Order ID |
53563633773 |
Type |
Essay |
Writer Level |
Masters |
Style |
APA |
Sources/References |
4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order |
5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
The connection between public expenditure and inflation in the Middle East and North Africa
Public expenditure and inflation are two significant macroeconomic variables that can have a considerable impact on the economic growth and development of countries, particularly in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. In this essay, we will examine the connection between public expenditure and inflation in the MENA region and explore some of the factors that contribute to this relationship.
Public expenditure is the government’s spending on various goods and services that are essential for the well-being of its citizens, such as education, healthcare, defense, infrastructure, and social welfare. In contrast, inflation refers to the persistent increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period. Inflation can result from a variety of factors, including excess demand, supply-side shocks, changes in the exchange rate, and changes in the cost of production.
In the MENA region, public expenditure has increased significantly over the past few decades, particularly in the areas of infrastructure development, education, healthcare, and social welfare. However, this increased public expenditure has also been associated with higher inflation rates in many countries in the region. There are several reasons for this connection between public expenditure and inflation in the MENA region, including:
Fiscal Deficits: One of the most important factors contributing to the link between public expenditure and inflation in the MENA region is fiscal deficits. Many governments in the region have been running persistent fiscal deficits, which means that they are spending more than they are earning through taxes and other sources. To finance these deficits, governments have to borrow money, which increases the money supply in the economy, leading to higher inflation.
Increase in Demand: Higher public expenditure can increase the demand for goods and services in the economy. When the demand for goods and services increases, and the supply does not keep pace, prices tend to rise, leading to higher inflation. This can be particularly true in economies that are heavily dependent on imports, as increased public expenditure can lead to an increase in imports, causing an increase in the demand for foreign currency, which can lead to currency depreciation and inflation.
Government Spending on Subsidies: Many governments in the MENA region have been spending heavily on subsidies to keep prices of basic goods and services low. While subsidies can be an effective way to help low-income families, they can also lead to inefficiencies and distortions in the economy, leading to higher inflation.
Changes in Exchange Rates: Fluctuations in exchange rates can also impact inflation in the MENA region. Many countries in the region have fixed or managed exchange rate regimes, which means that they try to keep their exchange rates stable against major currencies such as the US dollar. However, changes in the value of the dollar or other major currencies can impact the value of the local currency and lead to higher inflation.
In conclusion, public expenditure and inflation are closely linked in the MENA region. While increased public expenditure can lead to higher economic growth and development, it can also lead to higher inflation rates. Factors such as fiscal deficits, increases in demand, government spending on subsidies, and changes in exchange rates all contribute to this connection between public expenditure and inflation. Therefore, policymakers in the region need to carefully manage public expenditure to ensure that it does not lead to higher inflation rates, which can hurt the economy’s overall performance.
The connection between public expenditure and inflation in the Middle East and North Africa
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE |
NO RESPONSE |
POOR / UNSATISFACTORY |
SATISFACTORY |
GOOD |
EXCELLENT |
Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. |
30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. |
5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. |
Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors |
10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. |
Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. |
5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper |
7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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