Order ID |
53563633773 |
Type |
Essay |
Writer Level |
Masters |
Style |
APA |
Sources/References |
4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order |
5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
Studying Diabetes Research Essay
Studying, Diabetes, Research, Essay
Instructions: Response must be at least 300 words written in current APA format with at least two academic references cited. References must be within the last five years. Response must extend, correct/refute, or add additional nuance.
According to Khan et al. (2019), type 2 diabetes affects an estimated 462 million people worldwide, making it one of the most common diseases of the developed world. The researchers in this article state that the rise of sedentary lifestyle and an increase of unhealthy diets has contributed to rising body mass index (BMI) that has been associated with the diagnosis of type 2 diabetes (Khan et al., 2019). They also state that higher BMIs with increased age places a person at greater risk for the disease.
Diabetes Mellitus is a group of disorders that present as elevated blood glucose levels due to insulin dysregulation in the body (Arcangelo et al., 2017). The two most commonly confused diabetes is one and two. In many patients understanding the differences between these two diseases can be challenging.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by the bodies inability to produce insulin due to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells (Arcangelo et al., 2017). Without the production of insulin, the body has no way of controlling blood glucose levels, creating sustained states of hypoglycemia.
Type 1 diabetes is most often seen in patients younger than 30, making it one of the most common chronic diseases in children, but can occur at any time during one’s lifetime (Arcangelo et al., 2017). It has been proposed that the etiology of this disorder could be from the genetic predisposition of beta cell damage from viral infection, autoimmunity, and environmental factors (Arcangelo et al., 2017). The main feature of this disorder is that after destruction of pancreatic beta cells, the body loses its ability to create insulin.
Type 2 diabetes the cells in tissue like adipose and muscle become increasingly less sensitive to insulin, or the pancreas becomes so overworked that it decreases the production of insulin needed to reduce blood glucose levels. According to Galicia-Garcia et al. (2020), high levels of oxidative stress caused by inflammation due to poor western diets is one factor that contributes to the destruction of pancreatic beta cells.
The combination of insulin resistance by body cells and decreased insulin secretion places the patient at risk for high blood glucose levels (Arcangelo et al., 2017). Unlike type 1 diabetes, type 2 is reversible and can be treated with oral medication and lifestyle changes (Galicia-Garcia et al., 2020).
Glyburide (Glynase) is a hypoglycemic agent apart of the first-generation sulfonylureas. The main mechanism of action with this drug is closing of ATP-dependent potassium channels on pancreatic beta cells (Arcangelo et al., 2017). This in turn opens calcium channels and allows for increased cytoplasmic calcium to occur. This stimulates the release of insulin which can then reduce serum glucose levels throughout the body (Arcangelo et al., 2017).
Some of the key teaching points for Ms. Jones taking oral antidiabetic agents is that this does not necessarily mean she will have to give herself “shots”. Type 2 diabetes main goal of treatment is weight loss through diet and exercise (Arcangelo et al., 2017). It is also necessary to explain that this medication works best with proper adherence to a prescribed diet that controls the patient’s weight. Though this medication may cause a weight gain of about 2 to 3 kg in patients.
The main concern with glyburide is the complication of hypoglycemia. The patient should be educated on what to look for such as: dizziness, shakiness, sweating, confusion, hunger, and irritability to name a few (Arcangelo et al., 2017). The patient should be instructed to drink high sugar drinks like apple juice or consume glucose tablets if this occurs.
A careful review of Ms. Jones medication list and medical history should be reviewed as drugs with active metabolites increase hypoglycemia in patients with renal impairment. This drug should not be given if Ms. Jones has an allergy to sulfa drugs. Lastly renal and hepatic functional levels should be drawn before starting this drug (Arcangelo et al., 2017). The last education to be given is that this medication will start off at a low dose and be titrated up as needed to target blood glucose levels.
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE |
NO RESPONSE |
POOR / UNSATISFACTORY |
SATISFACTORY |
GOOD |
EXCELLENT |
Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. |
30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. |
5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. |
Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors |
10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. |
Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. |
5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper |
7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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