Sources of Comparative Advantage in National Economies
Order ID |
53563633773 |
Type |
Essay |
Writer Level |
Masters |
Style |
APA |
Sources/References |
4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order |
5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
Sources of Comparative Advantage in National Economies
Number of Pages: 5 (Double Spaced)
Writing Style: APA Number of sources: 4
Assignment 1: International Economics, Part 1 Due Week 4 and worth 240 points Write a 4-6 page paper in which you: 1.Explain the concept of comparative advantage and the principle theories of why trade occurs. 2.Analyze and discuss the sources of comparative advantage in national economies. 3.Analyze the international movement of productive factors in order to identify business opportunities and/or threats. 4.Explain the economic effect of tariffs, nontariff barriers, and various forms of trade policies adopted by national governments. Your assignment must: •Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. •Include a cover page containing the tile of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course Writing Style: APA
title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
Gross Sales Value Of Order Essay
What sort of costs should be taken into account in this type of analysis? Figure 3.11 presents a basic model that seeks to identify only those customer-related costs that are avoidable (i.e. if the customer did not exist, these costs would not be incurred). The starting point is the gross sales value of the order from which is then sub- tracted the discounts that are given on that order to the customer. This leaves the net sales value from which must be taken the direct production costs or cost of goods sold. Indirect costs are not allocated unless they are fully attributable to that customer. The same principle applies to sales and marketing costs as attempts to allocate indi- rect costs, such as national advertising, can only be done on an arbitrary and usually misleading basis. The attributable distribution costs can then be assigned to give cus- tomer gross contribution. Finally any other customer-related costs, such as trade credit, returns, etc., are subtracted to give a net contribution to overheads and profit. Often the figure that emerges as the ‘bottom line’ can be revealing as shown, in Table 3.2.
Table 3.2 Analysis of revenue and cost for a specific customer
£ £
Gross sales value 100,000 Less Discount 10,000
Net sales value 90,000 Less Direct cost of goods sold 20,000
Gross contribution 70,000 Less Sales and marketing costs: Sales calls 3,000 Co-operative promotions 1,000 Merchandising 3,000
––––– 7,000
63,000 Less Distribution costs:
Order processing 500 Storage and handling 600 Inventory financing 700 Transport 2,000 Packaging 300 Refusals 500
––––– 4,600
Customer gross contribution 58,400 Less Other customer-related costs:
Credit financing 1,500 Returns 500
––––– 2,000
Customer net contribution 56,400
L O G I S T I C S & S U P P L Y C H A I N M A N A G E M E N T76
Gross sales value (GSV)
Net sales value (NSV)
Trade discount/ Terms of trade
Production costs
Production contribution
Direct
Indirect
Customer-related costs (direct)
- Sales calls • In-store and co-operative promotions • Bonuses • Merchandising
Overhead costs (indirect)
- Sales force management • National advertising campaign
Customer-related costs (direct)
- Transportation • Packaging/ unitisation • Stock holding • Warehousing • Trade credit • Order processing
(Sales) Marketing costs
Marketing contribution
Distribution service costs
Customer contribution to company
overhead profit
Figure 3.11 Customer profitability analysis: a basic model
Source: Gattorna, J.L. and Walters, D.W., Managing the Supply Chain: A Strategic Perspective, Macmillan Press, 1996
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE |
NO RESPONSE |
POOR / UNSATISFACTORY |
SATISFACTORY |
GOOD |
EXCELLENT |
Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. |
30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. |
5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. |
Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors |
10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. |
Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. |
5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper |
7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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