Order ID |
53563633773 |
Type |
Essay |
Writer Level |
Masters |
Style |
APA |
Sources/References |
4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order |
5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
PUBH 430 Health Economics Assignment
Fall 2022
Assignment
Total marks = 50 (15%)
(A trial-based Economic evaluation study)
Instructions for preparing and submitting the assignment
1. The assignment is designed to investigate students’ learning on economic evaluation
alongside a randomized controlled trial (RCT), using a published study from the
literature.
2. To get full marks, you need to provide adequate but relevant information while
answering these questions
3. The students are being provided with the economic evaluation study from the literature which
they will read, learn and practice at home and prepare the assignment.
4. The test involves a number of questions developed from the published study and students are
required to answer these question.
5. The assignment has a total marks of 50, and a weight of 15% of the Full Final Grades.
6. The study title is –
“A cost effectiveness analysis within a randomised controlled trial of
post-acute care of older people in a community hospital” by Jacqueline O’Reilly,
Karin Lowson, John Young, Anne Forster, John Green, Neil Small, BMJ,
doi:10.1136/bmj.38887.558576.7C
2
Assignment Questions
Question -1: (3+1+2=6 marks)
a) Discuss the main motivations of this trial-based cost-effectiveness study by O’Reilly et al.
b) What perspective for the economic evaluation was considered in the study?
c) Has the study applied a discounting of costs and effects in the cost-effectiveness analysis? If
yes or no, justify your answer
Question -2: (7×2= 14 marks)
Identify and briefly describe briefly the following PICO terms of the cost-effectiveness analysis
in the study.
Patient/Population ____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Intervention__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Control_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Outcome_____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Duration of the Economic Evaluation
period________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
3
No. of patients randomized to ‘Intervention’ group__________________________________
No. of patients randomized to ‘Control’ group ______________________________________
Question -3: (5+ 2+ 3=10 marks)
a) Discuss in details ( at least in 5 sentences) how health outcome (quality of life (QoL) and
Quality Adjusted Life Year, QALY) data were captured in the study
b) How health care resources use data were collected in the study?
c) State five (5) different types of primary and hospital care resources use considered in the
costeffectiveness study
Question -4: (4+3+3= 10 marks)
In Table 1, the study shows that, from ‘all patients’ analysis the average observed QALY over 6
months study period in the community hospital group is 0.38 and the observed QALY in the
district hospital group is 0.35. However, the difference (95% CI) in QALY over 6 months
between two groups is 0.06 (-0.05 to 0.18).
i) How does the study estimate this difference in QALY between two groups? State in
TWO sentences?
ii) What are the main impacts on health outcome (QALY) by considering two approaches of
analyses – ‘all patients’ and ‘surviving patients’?
iii) Is the difference in QALY between two treatment groups statistically significant or not?
Justify your answer in TWO sentences.
4
Question -5: (2+4 + 2+1 +1=10 marks)
a) Based on results presented in the study, state the average costs and effects (QALYs) over 6
months study period between two options, and indicate which treatment option is more
cost-effective in the ‘base case’ cost-effectiveness analysis and why (state in THREE
sentences)?
b) Discuss various sensitivity analyses (both deterministic and stochastic) methods adopted in
the study
c) Discuss how various sensitivity analyses showed differential cost-effectiveness results
from the ‘base case’ analysis?
d) Figure 2 on page no. 4 is showing the cost-effectiveness acceptability curve (CEAC),
representing the sensitivity analysis in probability term. If the policy makers is willing to
pay (WTP) £10000 per QALY, then what is the probability that community hospital care
would be more cost-effective than district hospital care?
e) If the policy makers increases the WTP threshold to £30000 per QALY, there is a small
decrease in probability that community hospital care would be more cost-effective than
district hospital care – TRUE or FALSE
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE |
NO RESPONSE |
POOR / UNSATISFACTORY |
SATISFACTORY |
GOOD |
EXCELLENT |
Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. |
30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. |
5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. |
Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors |
10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. |
Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. |
5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper |
7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
|
|
GET THIS PROJECT NOW BY CLICKING ON THIS LINK TO PLACE THE ORDER
Also, you can place the order at www.collegepaper.us/orders/ordernow / www.phdwriters.us/orders/ordernow
|
Do You Have Any Other Essay/Assignment/Class Project/Homework Related to this? Click Here Now [CLICK ME]and Have It Done by Our PhD Qualified Writers!! |
|
|
PLACE THE ORDER WITH US TODAY AND GET A PERFECT SCORE!!!