Principles of Chemistry Lab Essay Assignment
Order ID 53563633773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages to Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
Principles of Chemistry Lab Essay Assignment
Laboratory 6 Procedure: Electrochemistry: Galvanic Cells and the Calculations of Cell Potential
Background:
Galvanic cells, also called voltaic cells, or battery cells are type of electrochemical cells that in which spontaneous reaction generates an electric current.
Here there is an example of spontaneous red-ox reaction that is used in a galvanic cell:
Zn(s) + Cu2+(aq) ? Zn2+(aq) + Cu(s)
we can separate above equation in two half-reactions:
Zn(s) ? Zn2+(aq) + 2e
and
Cu2+(aq) + 2e ? Cu(s)
As shown in Figure 1. potential, a voltage difference between two half cells, drives electric current.
A Galvanic cell consists of:
Two electrodes, made of metal or graphite, placed in two separate containers (half-cells):
–anode: oxidation process occurs there, has higher potential so electrons flow away from it.
–cathode: reduction process occurs there, has lower potential, electrons flow toward it.
Salt bridge: made of porous get that connects two half cells, only counter ions can flow through it from one solution to another.
Figure 1: Zinc-copper galvanic cell.
Instead of drawing the diagram, we use the following electrochemical cell notation to describe zinc-copper galvanic cell:
Figure 2. Electrochemical cell notation for zinc-copper galvanic cell.
Each half-cell has its own potential. The standard potential of the cell Eocell is the resulting potential from combining the potential of each half-cell. Calculation of the standard cell potential can be conducted using either of two methods described below.
First method requires combining half-reaction and their standard electrode potential values, reduction and oxidation.
Second, involves the equation that calculate the difference between standard reduction potentials:
E°cell = E°cathode + E°anode
Figure 3: Formula Used for Calculation of Any Cell Potential Applying the Standard Electrode (Reduction) Potentials –see textbook Table 19.1 p 652.
There are few of objectives of this lab:
1.To enhance your understanding of the construction and principles behind galvanic cell.
1.To gain deeper understanding of spontaneous red-ox reactions involved in the electrochemical process.
2.To get familiar with calculations of cell potential using standard electrode (reduction) potentials, second method.
3.Get familiar with writing the cell diagram.
Before you start this laboratory assignment, you are encouraged to review Section 19.2-19.5 on pages 642-656 in the textbook. Throughout this laboratory assignment, you will be required to analyze an electrochemical reaction in terms of electrons exchange. Be sure to record all observations and any relevant notes that you think you will need to include in your laboratory report.
Take a moment to formulate and write down a hypothesis describing what causes formation of the electric current in a galvanic cell?
Pre-Lab questions:
Answer the following questions in at least 5-10 sentences.
1.Using your own words, explain what does red-ox reaction mean?
2.Using your own words, explain what is a spontaneous reaction?
3.Using your own words, explain what is a cell potential?
Procedure:
Preparing the Lab 6
1.Using all available resources research “Magnesium-Iron Galvanic cells”,
2.Write half page long summary of your research.
3.If you haven’t already done so, formulate a hypothesis describing what causes formation of the electric current in a galvanic cell?
Analyzing the Data
1.Using the research summary from “Preparing Lab 6” section Point 2, on the diagram below, name the following parts of magnesium-iron galvanic cell:
anode, cathode, salt bridge, direction of the electric current flow
2.In 3-5 sentences, describe what parts make a half-cell.
3.Write complete chemical equation for the red-ox process occurring in magnesium-iron galvanic cell.
4.Write oxidation and reduction half-cell reactions for each electrode using proper chemical notation.
5.Based on the half-cell reaction what happens to each of the electrodes in-terms of their mass?
6.Use proper electrochemical cell notation for magnesium-iron galvanic cell.
7.Using 5-10 sentences. Discuss the direction of the electron flow in the magnesium-iron voltaic cell.
8.Using Table 19.1 from p. 652 of your textbook calculate cell potential of your cell applying second method.
Notes
This section should include notes about any observations or data collected during the lab.
Report Requirements
This section contains key information that must be included in your typed report.
1.Define the problem in a manner that is clear and insightful.
1.Identify the strategies and procedures used during the lab.
2.Clear hypothesis statement and other potential solutions that identify any relevant contextual factors (i.e. real-world costs).
3.Clear presentation of data including any tables or other figures that are relevant to understanding your stated conclusions at the end of the report. Include any relevant calculations performed during the lab.
4.Clearly stated results and discussion of possible improvements to the procedure.
5.Conclusive statements arguing in favor of your findings.
Note: All reports will be graded using the rubric embedded within the course.
Here are some questions to consider as you write your report:
1.Does my problem statement make sense?
1.Have I summarized my strategies/procedures well enough to be replicated by an outsider?
2.Did I have a valid hypothesis at the start of the lab? Have I expressed this in my report?
3.Do my tables and/or graphs make sense?
4.Are my conclusions valid based on my supplied data?
5.Did I thoroughly summarize my laboratory experience in a concise, factual way such that the reader can understand my processes and findings in the conclusion section alone?
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors 10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. GET THIS PROJECT NOW BY CLICKING ON THIS LINK TO PLACE THE ORDER
CLICK ON THE LINK HERE: https://www.perfectacademic.com/orders/ordernow
Also, you can place the order at www.collegepaper.us/orders/ordernow / www.phdwriters.us/orders/ordernow
Do You Have Any Other Essay/Assignment/Class Project/Homework Related to this? Click Here Now [CLICK ME]and Have It Done by Our PhD Qualified Writers!!