PHYS 1401 Lab-06: Simple Pendulum Essay
Order ID 53563633773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages to Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
PHYS 1401 Lab-06: Simple Pendulum Essay
Name: ________________________
Objectives
- Investigate the factors affecting time period of a simple pendulum.
- Investigate the motion of a simple pendulum to determine the acceleration due to gravity.
- To understand the relationships of the energetics, forces, acceleration, and velocity of an oscillating pendulum.
Simple Pendulum
A simple pendulum is defined, ideally, as a particle suspended by a weightless string. Practically, it consists of a small body, usually a sphere, suspended by a string whose mass is negligible in comparison with that of the sphere, and whose length is very much greater than the radius of the sphere. Under these conditions, the mass of the system may be considered as concentrated at a point, namely the center of the sphere and the problem may be handled by considering the motion of the suspended body, commonly called the “bob”, along a circular arc.
We will use the PhET simulation Pendulum Lab. This simulation mimics a real pendulum and allows you to adjust the initial position, the mass, and the length of the pendulum.
- Open PhET Simulation https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/pendulum-lab/latest/pendulum-lab_en.html
You can drag the pendulum to an arbitrary initial angle and release it from rest. You can adjust the length and the mass of the pendulum using the slider bars at the top of the panel. Velocity and acceleration vectors can be selected to be shown, as well as the forms of energy.
Feel free to play around with the simulation. When you are done, click the Reset button.
Activity 1: Energy of Simple Pendulum
- Select to show the energy of pendulum 1. Be sure that friction is set to none. Drag the pendulum to an angle (with respect to the vertical) of 30, and then release it.
Question-1: When the pendulum is at −30, what form(s) of energy does it have?
- a) Potential Energy
- b) Kinetic Energy
- c) Thermal Energy
- Drag the pendulum to an angle (with respect to the vertical) of -30 and then release it.
Question-2: Where is the pendulum swinging the fastest?
- a) At -30
- b) At 0
- c) At 15
- d) At 30
- Drag the pendulum to an angle (with respect to the vertical) of 30, and then release it. Select to show the acceleration vector.
Question-3: With the pendulum swinging back and forth, at which locations is the acceleration equal to zero?
- a) The acceleration is zero when the angle is either +30 or −30.
- b) The acceleration is never equal to zero as it swings back and forth.
- c) The acceleration is zero when the angle is 0
Question-4: With the pendulum swinging back and forth, how does the tension of the rope compare to the force of gravity when the angle is 0?
- a) The tension is greater than the force of gravity.
- b) The tension is greater than the force of gravity only if it is swinging really fast.
- c) The tension is less than the force of gravity.
- d) The tension is equal to the force of gravity.
You will investigate how the period of oscillation depends on the properties of the pendulum. The period of oscillation is the amount of time it takes for the pendulum to take a full swing, going from the original angle to the other side, and returning to the original angle.
Frequency is defined as the number of oscillations occurring in one second.
Activity 2: Time Period vs Length of Pendulum
1) Set the gravity to Earth (9.81 m/s2), friction to 0, and the mass of the object to 1 kg.
2) Set the length of pendulum to 0.3 m
3) Drag the object to 20° and release.
4) Click the period timer button in the bottom left corner. Click on the play button and record the period in Table-1.
Table-1
Length of Pendulum (in m)
Period (in s)
Frequency (in Hz)
0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 Question-5: How does the period of the pendulum vary with the length of the pendulum?
Activity 3: Time Period vs Mass of Pendulum
- Set the gravity to Earth (9.81 m/s2), friction to 0, and the length of pendulum to 1.0 m.
- Set the mass of the object to 0.5 kg.
- Drag the object to 20° and release.
- Click the period timer button in the bottom left corner. Click on the play button and record the period in the data table, Table-2.
- Repeat the steps 2 – 4 two more times by increasing the mass by 0.5 kg each time.
Table-2
Length of Pendulum (in m)
Mass of Pendulum (in kg) Period (in s)
1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 Question-6: How does the period of the pendulum vary with the mass of the pendulum?
Set up two pendulums by selecting Show 2nd pendulum. Adjust the lengths to be the same and have one pendulum with a higher mass. You can release one and then release the other, with the same angle, when the first one is back at that angle.
Question-7: How does the period of the pendulum depend on mass?
- a) A heavier pendulum has a longer period.
- b) A heavier pendulum has a shorter period.
- c) The period is independent of the pendulum’s mass.
Activity 4: Time Period vs Initial Angle of Pendulum
- Set the gravity to Earth (9.81 m/s2), friction to 0, the length of pendulum to 1.0 m, and the mass of the object to 1.0 kg.
- Click Reset, and then drag the pendulum to an angle (with respect to the vertical) of 10 and release it. Click the period timer button in the bottom left corner. Click on the play button and record the period in the data table, Table-3.
Table-3
Length of Pendulum (in m)
Initial angle (in degrees)
Period (in s)
1.0 5° 1.0 10° 1.0 30° 1.0 45° 1.0 60° Question-8: How does the period of oscillation depend on the initial angle of the pendulum when released?
- a) The period is independent of the initial angle.
- b) The period is longer when the initial angle is greater.
- c) The period is shorter when the initial angle is greater.
For small angles (e.g., <30), it is a pretty good approximation that the period doesn’t change, but for larger angles the period does in fact increase.
Question-9: Suppose the initial angle was increased to 90°, how does this change affect the period of the pendulum?
Activity 5: Time Period vs gravity
- Set the friction to 0, the length of pendulum to 1.0 m, and the mass of the object to 1.0 kg.
- Set the gravity to Earth (9.81 m/s2).
- Drag the object to 20° and release.
- Click the period timer button in the bottom left corner. Click on the play button and record the period in the data table.
- Repeat the steps 2 – 4 two more times by changing the gravity and record the values in
Table-4.
Table-4
Length of Pendulum (in m)
Gravity (in m/s2)
Period (in s)
1.0 Earth 1.0 Moon 1.0 Jupiter Question-10: How does the period of oscillation depend on the value of g?
- a) The period of oscillation is longer on planets with a higher value of g.
- b) The period of oscillation is shorter on planets with a higher value of g.
- c) The period of oscillation is independent of the value of g.
In fact, for small angles of oscillation the period T for a pendulum is nearly independent of amplitude, especially if θ is less than about 15°. The period T is inversely proportional to the square root of g;
where L is the length of the pendulum and T is the period.
The time period for a pendulum is given by the theoretical formula:
Question-11: Using the length of pendulum L =1.0 m, and the mass m =1.0 kg, calculate the acceleration due to gravity on Planet X. Show your work.
Question-12: How will friction affect the time period of the pendulum?
Conclusion: Summarize, in few sentences, the factors which affect the time period of the pendulum.
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors 10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. GET THIS PROJECT NOW BY CLICKING ON THIS LINK TO PLACE THE ORDER
CLICK ON THE LINK HERE: https://www.perfectacademic.com/orders/ordernow
Also, you can place the order at www.collegepaper.us/orders/ordernow / www.phdwriters.us/orders/ordernow
Do You Have Any Other Essay/Assignment/Class Project/Homework Related to this? Click Here Now [CLICK ME]and Have It Done by Our PhD Qualified Writers!!