Paper Comparison of Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in Pre-Industrial and Current Earth
Order ID 53563633773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages to Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
Exploring past, current, and future climates with an online climate simulator called “Build your own Earth.”
Build Your Own Earth is a game that allows you to create your own world. The creators of Build Your Own Earth have provided some background information.
Build Your Own Earth (BYOE; http://www.buildyourownearth.com) was a vision we had to get children interested in learning about the factors that influence the Earth’s climate. The aim was for you to pick and choose the aspects you wanted to include in your planet: distance from the Sun, axis tilt, location of continents, oceans, and mountains, rotation rate, atmospheric composition, and so on. You would type these details into a web page and hit the “Go” button. In the background, a climate model would generate the climate on that world for you. Isn’t it exciting?Unfortunately, due to the speed of today’s computers, such a vision is not now attainable. Our supercomputer can only run roughly 480 years of model climate in one day, even with a simplified climate model developed for speed (FOAM: the Fast OceanAtmosphere Model). Even with coarse grid spacing, 50300 years of simulations would be required to achieve a stable climate! Furthermore, with a large number of students submitting simulations in real time, our supercomputer would be overloaded. Instead, we pre-selected roughly 50 Earths, ran computer simulations, and plotted the simulation results for you to look at. Our Earths are divided into three categories: recent, ancient, and alien.
A Current Day (2015) simulation with 400 ppm of CO2 in the atmosphere (check today’s CO2 concentration here: https://www.co2.earth/ (Links to an external source.)) is included in recent Earths. A preindustrial control simulation and a 1975 simulation are also available. We also have one where there are no greenhouse gases in the atmosphere to demonstrate the relevance of greenhouse gases to Earth. We’ve also run simulations in which we adjusted carbon dioxide concentrations (even those from the future! ), the quantity of solar energy absorbed by the Earth, and the Earth’s orbital parameters (axial tilt and eccentricity).Ancient Earths includes images from the Last Glacial Maximum (21,000 years ago), as well as the Miocene, Jurassic, Triassic, Carboniferous, Cambrian, and Ediacaran geologic periods. We used Colorado Plateau Geosystems’ paleogeography reconstructions as well as atmospheric composition reconstructions.
Alien Earths are modest climate model studies that try to extract the essence of the climate. What effect does the lack of continents have on Earth (Aquaplanet)? What would the circulation be like in a Snowball Earth episode (Iceplanet, which would be extremely similar to Hoth from Star Wars: Episode II)? What would happen if the equator was occupied by a single continent? Or are you going to be on the pole? What if the entire Earth was made up of land, with only a single ocean in the middle?
– Dr. Jonathan Fairman and Prof. David Schultz, Centre for Atmospheric Sciences eLearning Team members Stuart Anderson and Sharon Gardner
Your Task: All right, let’s give it a shot! Visit the webpage for Build Your Own Earth.
BuildYourOwnEarth.com (http://www.buildYourOwnEarth.com/index.html) is a website that allows you to create your own Earth. (This is a link to another website.)
There are two ways to learn how to utilize the website now:
Instead of choosing “Get Started,” go to “Take a Tour” on the top page.
If you’re still stumped, take a look at the following tutorials: http://www.buildyourownearth.com/tutorials.html (This is a link to another website.)
Part 1: The Fundamentals.
The Last Ice Age is being investigated.
Set Earth 1: Prehistoric. Last Glacial Maximum: 21 Ka. The most recent ice age was this one.
Earth 2: Recent is the second set. Today is the year 2015.
For both Earths, the climate attribute should be set to Atmosphere: Mean Temperature, Surface.When you press play, you’ll see temperature fluctuations over the course of a year.
You can view the changes between your earth 1 and earth 2 by sliding the bar at the top. There should be a difference between the two.
Stop your simulation on a beautiful July day. When the last glacial maximum occurred, what was the average July temperature in Seattle?
Now we’ll go on to the present day. What is the current average July temperature in Seattle (the scale is in Celsius)? A temperature of 20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit) corresponds to a temperature of 68 degrees Fahrenheit.
There are no greenhouse gases.
Earth 1: Recent is the first setting. There are no greenhouse gases.
Earth 2: Recent is the second set. Today is the year 2015.
The following climate properties remain in the atmosphere: Mean Temperature, Surface Temperature, and Relative Humidity.What would happen to the Earth if greenhouse gases were not present? Why?
What area of the globe would not be frozen in the absence of greenhouse gases?
What are the non-anthropogenic (not generated by humans) sources of greenhouse gases?Climate Change (Part 2)
Take a look at the bar graphs depicting the various gases in the atmosphere (“view properties” not the climate model). Set Preindustrial Control on Earth 1 (about 1700) and Recent, Current Day 2015 on Earth 2.What is the difference in CO2 concentrations between pre-industrial and modern Earth? Why is there a distinction?
Agriculture is the primary source of N2O. How has N2O changed from pre-industrial times?
What are the differences in methane concentrations between pre-industrial and modern Earth? Why has there been a shift?
CFCs are arguably the most well-known chemical that depletes the ozone layer. They’re also greenhouse gases, it turns out. Why are there no CFCs on Earth before the Industrial Revolution?
Let’s take a look ahead. Set Earth 1 to Today, Set level=IPCC A1F1 CO2 Scenario and Earth 2 to Recent/CO2. This is a hypothetical future in which we continue to use fossil fuels and make certain technological advancements in energy, but we do not make a big move to alternate fuels until we are forced to. “Forced to” occurs about 2050, when global economy and emissions collide. Continue to focus solely on the qualities of gas.
What are the differences in CO2 concentrations between the two models? Because the global economy collapsed in the scenario, why do you think CO2 concentrations are still high in 2100?What are the differences in methane concentrations between the two models?
Can you explain why methane levels have reduced while CO2 levels have increased?
This concludes the segment of the homework assignment. Parts 1 and 2 solutions should be uploaded to the Assignment dropbox.
Part 3: Create Your Own Experiment: This section of the assignment will be posted in this week’s DISCUSSION FORUM for you to share with your peers.
Using the Build Your Own Earth model, you will devise your own “experiment.” What exactly does that imply? You’ll pose a query, formulate a hypothesis, test your hypothesis with the simulation model, and then support or reject your hypothesis.
Your independent variables are in the top box on the left side under “Earth” in the Build Your Own Earth model. Time (from ancient scenarios to the future), CO2 concentrations, solar energy (e.g. flares), axial tilt, eccentricity of orbit (how round the orbit around the sun is), and land mass positions are only a few of the variables. Only one independent variable should be chosen.The dependent or response variables are listed under “Climate Property” in the lower box on the left side. Mean surface temperatures have been the variable we’ve been looking at, but you could alter it to precipitation, clouds, winds, radiation, sea ice and snow, albedo, and temperatures at higher altitude. It’s worth noting that some items, such as plants, aren’t modeled. You should only include ONE dependent variable in your analysis.
All you have to do now is modify one independent variable between Earths 1 and 2 to see how it affects the dependent variable.
Make sure both earths are set to the same dependent variable. It will be easier to test your hypothesis if you make it more explicit!
Answer the following questions in your DISCUSSION POST:
What is the topic of your research?
What effect does modifying have on ?
So, what’s your theory?
When is compared to , we may tell that has increased or decreased. Because
What were your outcomes?Do your findings back up your hypothesis? Is this shocking to you, and if so, why?
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors 10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. GET THIS PROJECT NOW BY CLICKING ON THIS LINK TO PLACE THE ORDER
CLICK ON THE LINK HERE: https://www.perfectacademic.com/orders/ordernow
Also, you can place the order at www.collegepaper.us/orders/ordernow / www.phdwriters.us/orders/ordernow
Do You Have Any Other Essay/Assignment/Class Project/Homework Related to this? Click Here Now [CLICK ME]and Have It Done by Our PhD Qualified Writers!!