Order ID | 53563633773 |
Type | Essay |
Writer Level | Masters |
Style | APA |
Sources/References | 4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order | 5-10 Pages |
History Of Intelligence Research Assignment
After carefully reading the article, you chose in this unit’s second study, prepare a paper about the controversy that began when Arthur Jensen published an article about racial differences in intelligence. Present both sides of the argument, then evaluate which side has the stronger position. Find at least one other scholarly article from the Capella University Library to support your argument. Make sure to reference all articles and other resources you use in APA (6th edition) format.
Jensen’s most controversial work was published in 1969 in the Harvard Educational Review. It was titled How Much Can We Boost IQ and Scholastic Achievement? Among other things, Jensen (Indiana University, 2007) concluded that “racial differences in average IQ scores are not due to any ‘culture unfairness’ intrinsic to the tests.” The work ignited a firestorm of controversy and became one of the most contentious papers in the history of intelligence research.
Locate at least two articles through the Capella Library databases and other electronic resources about the controversy surrounding intelligence and race. Choose one article that supports the racial difference position and one that opposes it. Each article you reference should have the proper citations. Resources and citations should be formatted according to APA (6th edition) style and formatting. You will use this research to complete the Unit 4 assignment.
Reference
Indiana University. (2007). Human Intelligence: Arthur Jensen. Retrieved from http://www.intelltheory.com/jensen.shtml
Region | High Contact | Low
Context |
Non- Verbal
(body language) Ex: beckoning people to come with the palm up |
Social Identity |
Middle East | X | Gesture given to animals | ||
Asia | X | Sign of Rudeness | ||
South America | X | Common | ||
Africa | X | Considered a curse | ||
Latin America | Sign of Rudeness | |||
America | X | Common | ||
Western Europe | X | Common |
Social Identity
United Amorites
Social identity is difficult to define yet it is one of the most recognizable aspects of the Middle East. “When considering geographic location, ethno-linguistic backgrounds, religious affiliation, cultural norms, and regional history, is there a common identity (Sharp, 2014).” As in any culture, there are many obvious differences. Myriads of factors come into play as well as combination of factors that connect the different diverse groups inside the country. One can make the statement that Islam is this cultures glue. Yet inside this country, many non-Muslims exist as well and consider themselves Middle Eastern. The Arabic language is the common thread between some groups, but not all of the groups speak Arabic. Considering the factors such as language, religion, and history define social identity in the Middle East (Sharp, 2014).
Israel
Israel shifted and made Hebrew as a national language because it is at the root of the creation of Israel. Each Ultra-orthodox community retains their own codes, and the use of Arabic as a clear marker of the Israeli-Arab society. “At the same time, Israel’s position in international affairs has encouraged a wide penetration of the society, along class lines, by languages of world-wide communication (Rafael, 1994).” English and French, have different values in their local context, and play active and different roles in the formation of social boundaries. This reveals the complexity of the structure of class, ethnic, religious, and national identities and cleavages in Israeli society (Rafael, 1994).
Mexico
“The Mexican culture is subjected to a process of purification that refines and redefines the dominant traits of Mexican national culture and combines them with other popular forms, regional expressions, and emerging identities (Corporan, 2009).” There is a mass collection of various identities at paly to name a few: Cholos, Mixtecos, and Zapotecos. These groups find themselves in the cross hairs penetrated and influenced by their close proximity of the United States Border. They use this as an indispensable reference in the cultural analysis of our country’s northern border and implement the culture infusing it with their own. The presence of the United States takes various forms, and its cultural products are redefined by the life experience of the social groups who use them (Corporan, 2009).
China
“Chinese social identity requires integration of three basic strands of knowledge: interdependent and independent selves from cross-cultural psychology; social identity and self-categorization from inter-group psychology; and historical analysis, weaving these strands of influence into the context of Chinese culture and its evolving indigenous psychology. With the onslaught of Western imperialism over the last two centuries, traditional Chinese civilization collapsed and traditional Chinese virtues came to be understood as flaws by leading Chinese intellectuals and their political rulers (James H. Liu, 2010).”
Steps as the apply
Seven things you need to know:
Negotiating WinWin strategy
Preparing for the negation
Negotiating Process
The aftermath of negotiation
Steps to Remember
Conclusion
Overcoming cultural barriers is a challenge for any company. In the coming, months, years, and decades we will all continue to work together to achieve both common and uncommon goals. It is imperative that we are willing and able to communicate and understand our cultural differences in order to build an enhanced future.
Works Cited Adelman, L. a. (1993). Beyond Language. Prentice Hall. Alessandra, D. T. (2010). WIN-WIN NEGOTIATING STRATEGIES. Chicago: Cengage Learning. Blankly, K. (2012). Cross Cultural Negociations for U.S. Negociators. NewYork: McGraw-Hill. Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence. Clevdon: Muticultural Language Matters. Cantatore, S. Q. (2007, November 02). Culturosity. Retrieved from Cluturosity.com: http://www.culturosity.com/articles/whatisculturalawareness.htm Carnes, D. (2010, May 15). Livestrong. Retrieved from Livestrong.com: http://www.livestrong.com/article/123900-nonverbal-communication-cultures/ College of Marin. (2011, March 06). College of Marin. Retrieved from Marin.edu: http://www.marin.edu/buscom/index_files/Page605.htm Corporan, J. M. (2009). Cultural Identities on the Border of Mexico and the United State. Mexico City: Borders & Identity. EHOW STAFF. (2011, 03 14). EHOW. Retrieved January 10, 2014, from Cross Culture Communication: http://www.ewww.ehow.com/list_6303080_six-barriers-intercultural-communication.html#ixzz2wFg0f93z Ibad, F. (2010, October). Business Review. Retrieved from IOBM.edu: http://www.iobm.edu.pk/PBR/1010/PBR_1010_484_Promoting%20Intercultural.pdf James H. Liu, M.-C. L.-D. (2010). Chinese social identity and inter-group relations: the influence of benevolent authority. Oxford. Kwinessential. (2013). Kwinessentials. Retrieved from Kwinessential.co.uk: http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/cultural-services/articles/intercultural-awareness.html Martin, & Chaney. (Intercultural Business Communication, Sixth Edition). Intercultural Business Communications. New Jersey: Pearson Custom. Martinez, A. (2011, February 16). Allbusiness.com. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from All business: http://www.allbusiness.com Poieinkaiprattein. (2004). Poieinkaiprattein. Retrieved from Poieinkaiprattein.org: http://poieinkaiprattein.org/culture/cities-cultural-planning/Study-of-cultural-planning/2-analysis-of-the-particular-conditions-social-economic-cultural-political-in-which-such-plans-have-been-developed/ Rafael, E. B. (1994). Language, identity, and social division. Clarendon Press. Sagepub. (2007). Sagepub. Retrieved from Sagepub.com: http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/39272_2.pdf Sharp, A. G. (2014, March 22). Net Places. Retrieved from Netplaces.com: http://www.netplaces.com/middle-east-guide/what-you-do-mean-by-middle-east/social-identity.htm Staff Writer. (2014, March 22). Mind Tools. Retrieved from Mindtools.com: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_66.htm The Sisters of St. Francis of Philadelphia. (2014). The Sisters of St. Francis of Philadelphia. Retrieved from osfphila.org: http://www.osfphila.org/justice_peace/diversity_concepts Tripathi, M. (2006, February 19). Ezinearticles. Retrieved from Ezinearticles.com: http://ezinearticles.com/?Negotiation:-The-Win-Win-Strategy&id=149314 USA Gov. (2012, November 2). Peacecorps. Retrieved from Peacecorp.gov: http://www.peacecorps.gov/wws/
References Adelman, L. a. (1993). Beyond Language. Prentice Hall. Alessandra, D. T. (2010). WIN-WIN NEGOTIATING STRATEGIES. Chicago: Cengage Learning. Blankly, K. (2012). Cross Cultural Negociations for U.S. Negociators. NewYork: McGraw-Hill. Byram, M. (1997). Teaching and Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence. Clevdon: Muticultural Language Matters. Cantatore, S. Q. (2007, November 02). Culturosity. Retrieved from Cluturosity.com: http://www.culturosity.com/articles/whatisculturalawareness.htm Carnes, D. (2010, May 15). Livestrong. Retrieved from Livestrong.com: http://www.livestrong.com/article/123900-nonverbal-communication-cultures/ College of Marin. (2011, March 06). College of Marin. Retrieved from Marin.edu: http://www.marin.edu/buscom/index_files/Page605.htm Corporan, J. M. (2009). Cultural Identities on the Border of Mexico and the United State. Mexico City: Borders & Identity. EHOW STAFF. (2011, 03 14). EHOW. Retrieved January 10, 2014, from Cross Culture Communication: http://www.ewww.ehow.com/list_6303080_six-barriers-intercultural-communication.html#ixzz2wFg0f93z Ibad, F. (2010, October). Business Review. Retrieved from IOBM.edu: http://www.iobm.edu.pk/PBR/1010/PBR_1010_484_Promoting%20Intercultural.pdf James H. Liu, M.-C. L.-D. (2010). Chinese social identity and inter-group relations: the influence of benevolent authority. Oxford. Kwinessential. (2013). Kwinessentials. Retrieved from Kwinessential.co.uk: http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/cultural-services/articles/intercultural-awareness.html Martin, & Chaney. (Intercultural Business Communication, Sixth Edition). Intercultural Business Communications. New Jersey: Pearson Custom. Martinez, A. (2011, February 16). Allbusiness.com. Retrieved March 13, 2014, from All business: http://www.allbusiness.com Poieinkaiprattein. (2004). Poieinkaiprattein. Retrieved from Poieinkaiprattein.org: http://poieinkaiprattein.org/culture/cities-cultural-planning/Study-of-cultural-planning/2-analysis-of-the-particular-conditions-social-economic-cultural-political-in-which-such-plans-have-been-developed/ Rafael, E. B. (1994). Language, identity, and social division. Clarendon Press. Sagepub. (2007). Sagepub. Retrieved from Sagepub.com: http://www.sagepub.com/upm-data/39272_2.pdf Sharp, A. G. (2014, March 22). Net Places. Retrieved from Netplaces.com: http://www.netplaces.com/middle-east-guide/what-you-do-mean-by-middle-east/social-identity.htm Staff Writer. (2014, March 22). Mind Tools. Retrieved from Mindtools.com: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_66.htm The Sisters of St. Francis of Philadelphia. (2014). The Sisters of St. Francis of Philadelphia. Retrieved from osfphila.org: http://www.osfphila.org/justice_peace/diversity_concepts Tripathi, M. (2006, February 19). Ezinearticles. Retrieved from Ezinearticles.com: http://ezinearticles.com/?Negotiation:-The-Win-Win-Strategy&id=149314 USA Gov. (2012, November 2). Peacecorps. Retrieved from Peacecorp.gov: http://www.peacecorps.gov/wws/
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