Health Care Ethics Discussion Questions and Responses
Order ID |
53563633773 |
Type |
Essay |
Writer Level |
Masters |
Style |
APA |
Sources/References |
4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order |
5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
Health Care Ethics Discussion Questions and Responses
Red attached file and watch video before answering the questions.
There should be absolutely no spelling or grammar errors. You may use your book or other resources, but you must cite the resource(s) both in-text and a reference list per APA guidelines. Minimum 250 words for initial post. Minimum 150 words for each student response (2)
- Carefully analyze this case. When you examine the paper and the appendix, what information appears to have been gained from this study? Th at is, what kind of argument can be made for the benefits of the study?
- What do you believe were the motives for the people to become involved in the study, specifically: The subjects? The PHS personnel? The Tuskegee staffs? The Macon County physicians? Nurse Rivers?
- What kind of criticisms can you offer of this study?
- What were the factors underlying the cessation of the project?
- Could this project (or one similar to it involving AIDS or radiation effects) be conducted today?
Post your discussion and then respond to the postings of 2 other students. What are your thoughts on the ethical controversy item he/she posted? Do you see other implications of the ethical controversy?
I will not be able to upload the students post for the response to them until I have uploading my initial response and then waiting 30 minutes. I will upload the two posts then.
https://youtu.be/fxeLohZEqs0
POS 1
So far only one other student has made a post, I’m still waiting for one more. Here’s the first one though! 150-word reply. What are your thoughts on the ethical controversy item he/she posted? Do you see other implications of the ethical controversy?
Originally, the Tuskegee Syphilis study’s intention was to identify and treat the disease. None of the men knew that they were a part of this study, all they knew was that they were going to be provided free health care and treatment for “bad blood.” When the men were diagnosed with syphilis the doctors never informed them nor treated them for it. I think that is very wrong and this approach was completely against patient’s rights. There was however, important information gained from this study.
The study showed that the men spread the syphilis to their wives and when the babies were born they had syphilis too. Also, over 100 people died from not being treated. Would have we known this information without conducting this study? We may never know. I believe that the doctor’s motives were unethical and they could have gone about the study in a different way. It was beneficial in several ways but it also cost the lives of many.
I understand that the times were different in the 20th century, but the doctors were technically killing people, which is murder, and the people did not even know nor have a say. After watching the video and reading the article I am very optimist that a similar study could be going on today regarding AIDS or even autism. I am sure it would be to a certain extent; however, you never really know these days. I hope for all of our sake, that we are not a part of this study.
POST 2
here is the second students reply. I’m sorry it took so long! After reviewing and studying the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, it is apparent that researchers did not respect the primary ethical principles of human research. Violation of all three ethical principles (respect of persons, beneficence, and justice) is apparent throughout the process of the experiment.
The most obvious moral issue stems from the fact that “participants were lied to about their condition, lied to about the treatment they were receiving, and selected based on race, gender, and economic class.” This demonstrates the violation of the first ethical principal-Respect. It is clear in the fact that participants were not told the purpose of the study or given an explanation of terminology. Researchers also failed to inform persons that they had syphilis, meaning they had to test them without their consent.
The Principle of Beneficence was violated by researchers when the subjects were lied to, and enticed, or enticed in, with cheap incentives, including free hot meals, bus rides, and placebos as free treatment, with the objective of attaining their consent to participate in the experiment. Lastly, the Principle of Justice was infringed on when researchers decided to purposely NOT treat the men for their disease which allowed a very curable disease to kill them for the purpose of observation.
The study unashamedly undervalued and disrespected participants’ rights, placing them in danger. Even after Penicillin became available, participants were still denied treatment. Informed Consent is a critical ethical requirement in biomedical research efforts involving human subjects, and a central component to making research ethical. Under this principle, experts are obligated to ensure that subjects are given comprehensive information about any procedures involved in the study; in this case, the implications of an individual’s participation in specific medical procedures must be broken down and explained with terms easy for a non-professional to understand.
This enables a person to give either informed consent or informed refusal. Ultimately, this project or one similar in nature could not be legally or publicly conducted in today’s environment due to a firm adherence to ethical principles and respect for human rights. The extreme unethical and immoral nature of the study, as well as its violation of experimental human rights, are the reasons that strict legal implications have been put in place to protect participants in future experiments.
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE |
NO RESPONSE |
POOR / UNSATISFACTORY |
SATISFACTORY |
GOOD |
EXCELLENT |
Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. |
30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. |
5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. |
Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors |
10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. |
Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. |
5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper |
7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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Health Care Ethics Discussion Questions and Responses
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