Order ID | 53563633773 |
Type | Essay |
Writer Level | Masters |
Style | APA |
Sources/References | 4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order | 5-10 Pages |
Fibers found at crime scenes can be classified into three main categories: natural fibers, synthetic fibers, and regenerated fibers. Each category has distinctive characteristics and can provide valuable evidence in criminal investigations.
Natural Fibers:
Scenario: Natural fibers, such as cotton, wool, silk, and linen, are often found in clothing and textiles. For instance, in a murder investigation, the victim’s clothing may contain natural fibers that could provide insights into their activities prior to the crime.
Analysis: Microscopic examination and comparison of the found fibers with known standards are common methods. The unique surface features, morphology, and cross-sectional shape of natural fibers help identify them.
Synthetic Fibers:
Scenario: Synthetic fibers, like polyester, nylon, and acrylic, are widely used in modern clothing and materials. In a sexual assault case, the suspect’s clothing might contain synthetic fibers transferred to the victim’s clothing.
Analysis: Microscopic examination, chemical tests, and spectroscopy can help identify synthetic fibers. Techniques like FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy can determine the specific type of synthetic fiber.
Regenerated Fibers:
Scenario: Regenerated fibers, including rayon and acetate, are often used in clothing, upholstery, and accessories. In an arson investigation, traces of these fibers might be found at the fire scene, possibly originating from the accelerant container.
Analysis: Microscopic examination and chemical tests, such as the Burn Test, are used to identify regenerated fibers. The burn test helps determine the nature of the fiber based on its flame behavior and residue.
References:
Saferstein, R. (2011). Forensic Science: From the Crime Scene to the Crime Lab (2nd ed.). Pearson.
James, S. H., & Nordby, J. J. (2005). Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques. CRC Press.
Question 2: Describe in detail how and why NIBIN was developed as well as which government agency manages it. In what instances would it be used in a criminal investigation?
The National Integrated Ballistic Information Network (NIBIN) was developed to address the growing issue of gun-related crimes, especially firearm-related violence and shootings. NIBIN is managed by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF), a federal law enforcement agency under the United States Department of Justice.
Development of NIBIN: NIBIN was established in response to the need for an integrated system that could link ballistics evidence from different crime scenes and provide law enforcement agencies with valuable leads and connections between seemingly unrelated shootings. The main reasons behind its development include:
Linking Firearms and Crimes: NIBIN was created to link firearms, spent cartridge cases, and bullets found at crime scenes with specific firearms, providing investigators with critical information.
Enhancing Investigations: NIBIN’s goal is to enhance the investigative process by enabling law enforcement to identify and apprehend individuals involved in firearm-related crimes.
Reducing Gun Violence: By connecting crimes, NIBIN aims to reduce gun violence and improve public safety by preventing and solving shooting incidents.
Use in Criminal Investigations: NIBIN is used in various criminal investigations involving firearms, including but not limited to:
Shooting Incidents: When firearms are discharged in criminal acts, such as homicides, armed robberies, or drive-by shootings, NIBIN can analyze the spent cartridge cases and bullets to determine if they match previous crime scenes.
Firearm Trafficking: NIBIN can help trace the source of illegal firearms and identify patterns of trafficking by connecting firearms used in different crimes.
Gang-Related Violence: In cases involving gang violence, NIBIN can provide insights into the activities and rivalries of different gangs by linking shootings.
Serial Shooters: NIBIN is a valuable tool in identifying and tracking serial shooters by connecting cases with similar ballistic evidence.
In summary, NIBIN was developed to address the increasing challenges posed by firearm-related crimes and is managed by the ATF. It plays a crucial role in solving and preventing gun violence by connecting ballistic evidence from various crime scenes, ultimately aiding criminal investigations.
References:
National Integrated Ballistic Information Network (NIBIN). Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). Retrieved from https://www.atf.gov/firearms/national-integrated-ballistic-information-network-nibin
James, S. H., & Nordby, J. J. (2005). Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques. CRC Press.
Question 3: Discuss two forensic examinations used in the Michael Brown case. Be sure to address the forensic evidence that was examined and where it was located in the crime scene and what each examination revealed to investigators.
The Michael Brown case in 2014 involved the shooting of an unarmed African American teenager, Michael Brown, by a police officer, Darren Wilson, in Ferguson, Missouri. Two significant forensic examinations were crucial in this case:
Firearm Examination:
Forensic Evidence Examined: The primary forensic examination in this case revolved around the firearm used by Officer Darren Wilson. The firearm involved was his service weapon, a .40-caliber Sig Sauer P229 pistol.
Location at Crime Scene: The location of the firearm was crucial, as it was found at the scene of the shooting. The examination focused on the firearm itself and the spent cartridge cases it ejected during the shooting.
Examination and Findings: Forensic experts examined the firearm to determine its functionality and whether it had malfunctioned. They also analyzed the spent cartridge cases to establish the sequence of shots fired. The examination revealed that the firearm was operational and provided insights into the number and order of shots fired.
Autopsy and Ballistic Trajectory Analysis:
Forensic Evidence Examined: The autopsy of Michael Brown’s body and ballistic trajectory analysis were conducted to determine the path of bullets and their entry and exit points on the victim’s body.
Location at Crime Scene: This examination took place in the morgue during the autopsy and at the crime scene where forensic experts reconstructed the shooting incident.
Examination and Findings: The autopsy revealed the number and path of bullets that struck Michael Brown. This information was used to reconstruct the shooting and determine the bullet trajectories. The findings were crucial in assessing the positions of both the victim and the shooter during the incident.
The firearm examination was important in determining the functionality and operation of the weapon used by the officer, shedding light on whether the shooting was intentional or accidental. The autopsy and ballistic trajectory analysis were vital in reconstructing the events leading to Michael Brown’s death and assessing the use of force.
These forensic examinations played a critical role in the investigation and legal proceedings of the Michael Brown case, helping to establish the sequence of events, the condition of the firearm, and the nature of the injuries sustained by the victim.
References:
Chappell, B. (2014). What We Know About The Shooting Of Michael Brown So Far.
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
GET THIS PROJECT NOW BY CLICKING ON THIS LINK TO PLACE THE ORDERCLICK ON THE LINK HERE: https://www.perfectacademic.com/orders/ordernowAlso, you can place the order at www.collegepaper.us/orders/ordernow / www.phdwriters.us/orders/ordernow |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|