Order ID | 53563633773 |
Type | Essay |
Writer Level | Masters |
Style | APA |
Sources/References | 4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order | 5-10 Pages |
Environmental Issues and Policy Analysis Essay
What environmental problem do you aspire to solve?
The Power Point slide that describes the paper:
Your Capstone Assignment: Term Paper (revised 04/22/20) Tell the story you are
most interested in. What environmental problem do you aspire to solve?
1. What’s happening? Why do we care? [10%]
2. Why is it happening? [20%]
3. Ways to respond – Consider alternative ways we can respond – policies,
practices, projects, programs [10%]
4. Finding the “best” way – Describe an appropriate multi-attribute decision
making (MADM) method for policy analysis, including the ways you might choose to
define “best”. Use what you have learned from the class to date, what you learn from
me, Prof. Ratick (week 12,13), and any literature sources [50%]
5. Concluding Remarks and Reflection [10%]
Guidance: Work individually or in groups with the same interest. As a rough guide
only, an individual paper is about 6-8 double-spaced pages, a group paper about 10-
12 (not including references and any Appended materials).
If you have anxiety about writing a paper of sufficient quality in the time available, I
am willing to receive requests to do a short presentation in addition (but this is
optional).
Grade weight: 40% of total.
The PowerPoint slide that describes the paper in the week 11 slides and it was
revised word account. Week 11 slides introduced the paper and talked how to write
1. what’s happening? Why do we care?
2. Why is it happening?
3. Ways to respond. About 4. Find the “Best” way, comparing policy option the way
needs to use MADM and other methods, which is introduced in week 11, 12, 13, 14.
Pay Attention:
This is a Policy Analysis class, so make sure you focus most on the MADM (and
other methods) to use for comparing policy options. This should be clear in the
PowerPoint slide that describes the paper. How do you compare the policy options
you will identify to address the air pollution problem?
Use the methods which were introduced in Week 11, 12, 13, 14.
a) indicators and scenarios of SD and climate change; b) being willing to challenge
the decision criteria used in benefit/cost analysis (BCA) and multi-attribute methods
(MADM) (Sam, Rob & Tim); and c) decision making under high uncertainty that
involves systemic risk analysis
Course Introduction:
Week 11:
We will be talking to class about enhanced EIA applied to Sustainable Development
Visioning & Planning.
Week 12:
we will be going over Benefit Cost Analysis, Discounting and Net Present value.
Please use the attached documents and for the below –
· Students should read the Word document “Cost Benefit Analysis Chapter 12_2_19
V1 SR.docx” before class.
· The Excel Workbook “Discounting for PRACTICE.xlsx” goes along with the book
chapter and contains a tutorial on how to perform discounting. Students should
attempt this before Thursday's class.
· The attached PowerPoint “Benefit-Cost Analysis First and Second Lecture.pptx” will
be used in the class on Thursday.
· For optional reading the pdf “Ch9_10_Stokey_Zeck.pdf”.
Week 13:
· Read “Chapter 5 SMART and AHP V8 1 18 2016.docx” and try the example in it. It
discusses Simple Multi-Attribute Rating Technique (SMART) and the Analytical
Hierarchy Process (AHP).
· Practice on the Excel workbook “Student Examples for SMART_AHP Chapter AHP
added V1.xlsx” as it follows along with the text and works you through the
techniques.
· We will use the “MCS Chapter 5 SAMRT and AHP SR FOR Cases in ……”
PowerPoint presentation for class
· Please glance over the Monte Carlo simulation again as we will go over it again in
class if we have time
Week 14:
we will be placing “Policy Analysis” (PA) in the context of Sustainable Development
for the 21st Century (SD21 Report – attached). Skim through the report, landing on
places where PA has a key role.
Think of the types of PA being called for: context, methods, and applications. Play
attention to the kinds of scenarios being considered, and the impacts and indicators
that can be used to compare options.
Actions to take to Minimize Air Pollution caused by Transportation in Mexico City
Air pollution is a serious environmental problem that many cities are grappling with
presently. This has prompted stakeholders in the field to try to come up with
strategies of curbing it as a way of alleviating associated health problems and
preserving mother earth for posterity.
Many planners and managers in urban areas prefer the use of public transport over
the private ones in controlling air pollution arising as seen in the case of Mexico City.
Mexico was considered one of the most populated areas in the early 1990s, and air
pollution has been of great concern since then. For people between thirty and
seventy years, air pollution has contributed to approximately seventeen percent of all
deaths caused by non-communicable diseases (Betancourt et al., 2019).
Individuals in urban areas are of specific interest since they are exposed to a
significant amount of air pollutants, which can lead to serious health issues.
Exposure to air pollutants harms people’s health.
The leading causes of air pollution in Mexico City include transportation,
industrialization, urbanization, and individuals’ daily activities. The geographical
environment further exacerbates pollution. The metropolitan area of Mexico City
covers the city itself and the surrounding states and cities located in the Mexico
Valley.
This annular basin formed by the eruption of ancient volcanoes is not conducive to
the dissipation of emissions. Besides, the altitude with less oxygen results in a
reduction in the efficiency of the vehicle engine and increase of the releasing
pollutants.
Over the past two decades, Mexico has introduced different measures, programs,
and policies to reduce pollution and enhance the urban public transport network in
Mexico City.
For instance, Metrobus, Mexico City’s bus rapid transport (BRT) network, was
introduced in June 2005 to ease the congestion, cut air-polluting emissions, and
enhance the city’s transport efficiency (Bel & Holst, 2018). In 2016, a Supreme Court
overturned a ruling that barred all cars that are over eight years old from the streets.
This ruling introduced more than 1.4 million cars back on the road each day. The city
reported an air pollution alert during this period, which indicated that its air pollution
problems still exist. As such, there is a need to come up with effective strategies to
address the air pollution problems in the city.
This paper will take advantage of field data and existing literature to establish how
the current public transportation impacts on air pollution and whether the existing
environmental policy is effective in reducing air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides
(NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter of bellow
10µm (PM10) (Shinohara et al., 2017).
This paper will also discuss economic factors such as the legal, administrative, and
enforcement costs; operation costs; and capital costs when deciding on the policies
that would be adopted to address the air pollution problem.
From the obtained results and the conclusions regarding public transportation and air
pollution, this paper will recommend policy changes to improve the city’s air quality
while considering the health perspective of the existing public transportation.
References
Bel, G., & Holst, M. (2018). Evaluation of the impact of bus rapid transit on air
pollution in Mexico City. Transport Policy, 63, 209-220.
Betancourt, R. M., Galvis, B., Rincón-Riveros, J. M., Rincón-Caro, M. A., Rodriguez-
Valencia, A., & Sarmiento, O. L. (2019). Personal exposure to air pollutants in a Bus
Rapid Transit System: Impact of fleet age and emission standard. Atmospheric
Environment, 202, 117-127.
Shinohara, N., Ángeles, F., Basaldud, R., Cardenas, B., & Wakamatsu, S. (2017).
Reductions in commuter exposure to volatile organic compounds in Mexico City due
to the environmental program ProAire2002–2010. Journal of exposure science &DD
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