Order ID 53563633773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages To Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
Abstract
Gun control and gun rights are very controversial issues in the United States, considering that there are two major arguments that are related to the issue. On one side, there are those who advocate for gun control; advocates want the state and federal governments to restrict the manner in which people gain possession of firearms. The advocacy groups main concern is based on the fact that many people, especially the youth, are engaging in criminal activities that often involve a firearm that may lead to acts of gun violence. Another concern is gun rights, this groups wants a reduction in the manner with which the state and federal governments are pressing for a decrease in the number of persons who own guns. The study will investigate the various initiatives that have been implemented with the objective of ensuring that residents of Du Page County, Illinois are shielded from gun violence. The researcher will be randomly picking 10 out of 30 police chiefs to interview in the municipalities of Du Page County. The researcher will complete their responses. The intention of the researcher is to discover the initiatives that are being implemented to make sure that suburban communities in Du Page do not have as much gun violence as in Chicago.
Keywords: Gun control, gun rights, gun violence, control initiatives
Gun Violence Initiatives in Du Page County
Chapter 1
Introduction
Overview
The debate on gun control remains controversial in the United States. Two arguments related to the gun law issues are those who advocate for gun control, and those who believe citizens have a right to own a firearm. Gun control advocates want states and the federal government to increase restrictions on those who possess firearms. Stricter gun law advocates believe that if laws were more stringent, youth would have less access to a firearm; thus, reducing juvenile crimes committed with a firearm, which would eventually reduce gun-related violence. However, gun enthusiasts believe that the 2nd Amendment allows them to have guns for self-defense.
This study uses the comment review of literature to analyze various researches that highlights the essence of people having or not having guns, while comparing various laws and strategies that political leaders and law enforcement personnel have implemented to control gun ownership. Used to explain the phenomena studied is the Broken Windows concept which dwells on the development of positive initiatives that foster positive changes within communities to reduce the rate at which gun violence activities occur. The main question, in this case, is with regards to the various initiatives that the leadership of Du Page County can undertake with the aim of ensuring that the communities do not experience the same level of gun violence as the city of Chicago. Since the study is about initiatives of reducing gun violence, a qualitative method will be implemented is being done in Du Page County, Illinois.
Problem Statement
The issue of gun violence is one a deepened matter among most Americans. Within all levels of the government, it is an issue that has raised numerous debates and there are no signs of relenting any time soon. Many people get injured or are killed by gun-related violence. According to Gold (2015), from the year 1968 to 2015, the number of deaths recorded was approximated to be at 1.6 million, yet the number could be higher when considering the deaths that were not reported during that time. It appears as though the issue keeps on escalating as more people, especially the youth, are taking part in firearms-related violence. Many innocent people die when they get caught in the cross line. Nearly 8 percent of children have gone through gun violence experiences, with the likelihood of boys being higher than that of girls (Finkelhor, 2015). Considering that many children within Illinois are at a major risk of being victims of gun violence, and that has created pressure for law enforcement and other leaders to come up with initiatives that would be helpful to residents so that they do not go through what is happening to their counterparts in the city of Chicago.
Despite the fact that there are numerous studies that are related to weapons and violence, there is very little agreement to the primary facts presented in relation to the policy problems. In that case, there is a need to conduct more research on the matter considering that there is a major controversy on the problem, so that the gap of knowledge available is filled, while also coming up with better and newer methods of intervention, control and the prevention of crimes that are related to gun violence.
If police departments of Du Page County wish to elaborate on better ways of handling the issue, they have to take into consideration the conflicting data on the surge in the population of citizens who incur injuries or die due to a firearm. It is one of the only ways that law enforcement in the suburbs would come up with initiatives that would actually help people within the community.
Purpose of Study
Since the issue of gun control is one that has been debated harshly for decades, the main reason for conducting this study is to investigate the initiatives that law enforcement agencies can develop and implement with the aim of making sure that people within respective communities do not experience the same level of gun violence that is being witnessed in Chicago. At this point in the study, the measures meant to reduce gun-related violence could be defined as the initiatives being implemented in communities within DuPage County.
Research Question
The research will rely on a qualitative research instrument that is an interview. The questions will mainly focus on the initiatives that the police chiefs in Du Page County have set in place to ensure people so that they do not find themselves in the same situation the citizens of Chicago face as it relates to gun violence. At the same time, the questions will also help in determining the perceptions of the officers with regards to persons being allowed to have guns and use the same when they feel that they are in threatening situations. From the questions, it would be easier to determine the general success of the initiatives created for the safety of people in the county.
Sub-problems
This study is designed to answer the central question, which is “What initiatives are Du Page County law enforcement implementing to ensure communities do not experience the same level of gun violence as the City of Chicago?” Which alternative law enforcement strategies are viewed by police chiefs as being the most effective in preventing crime within the municipality? What youth programs sponsored by local law enforcement have been the most successful in reducing juvenile crime?
Theoretical Framework
The theory that will be used to offer an explanation, with regards to initiative for controlling gun use, is the Broken Windows Theory, as developed by George Kelling and James Wilson in 1982 (Jefferson, 2016). The theory mainly entails investigating how neighborhoods are disorganized and how varying initiatives can be created with the intention of changing the perception of criminal acts. To create a safe environment where there are fewer firearm-related crimes, it is of great essence that within the society there are programs doing good, which is meant to convert people into appreciating the need of refraining from using guns all the time. From an earlier discussion of the study on gun violence control, the researcher predicts that the main independent variable is the collective initiatives for the control of gun-related crime, as they would have a direct influence to the dependent variable that is a reduction in the cases of gun violence. From the Broken Windows theory, the creation of a varying number of control schemes in areas where gun violence crime is prevalent would gradually see a reduction in the cases of people committing serious offenses using guns. Adding more law enforcement personnel may not be a solution as that may only make the situation worse.
Definitions
In this study, the main idea is to describe the various issues that arise with gun control. As noted from the start, it is clear that there is an increase in gun-related criminal activities, hence creating the need for interventions of curbing the violence. However, for purposes of making the issue clear, it is inherent that there is a definition of some of the terms that may have already been mentioned or will be included later in the study. According to Garbarino (2017), the most significant definition of gun violence is any vicious activity that is conducted with the use of a gun, and it may be regarded as criminal or legal. However, for the sake of this study, the assumption is that gun violence is criminal in nature, therefore, and needs to be stopped. Gun rights entail the freedom to possess or own a gun with the intention of using it for self-defense (Wu, 2018). This is a crucial term; despite being allowed in the 2nd Amendment, it is not clear whether this right protects all people. Another significant term is gun control, which is about the policies developed with the aim of standardizing the making, selling, possessing, and use of firearms by civilians (Wu, 2018). With this term, controversy arises, as the measure of evaluating how to manage the use of guns is unclear. However, the assumption is that gun control implies that the laws available are effective in the way that they restrict the use of guns. Finally, the term law enforcement initiatives are the various methods that can be implemented within the society as a way of decreasing the rate of crime. In this case, these initiatives mainly focus on the reduction of crimes committed through the use of guns.
Study Limitations
The drawbacks of this investigation have a connection to the fact that from all the literature analysis, there is no scientific evidence to support the outcomes of implementing some of the initiatives. For most programs, the researcher makes the assumption that they are successful and effective in connection with the reduction of gun-related crimes.
Chapter 2
Literature Review
In an attempt to cut gun violence rates more efficiently and effectively, numerous suburban law enforcement agencies are forming joint partnerships in their communities. Urban gun violence touches on matters pointing to American life: community, opportunity, equality, and safety. While several urban residents are injured or killed with guns yearly, community leaders and suburban law enforcement agencies are facing a pressing challenge: looking for practical solutions and implementing initiatives which will create a difference now and in future. This literature review brings together the knowledge of academic researchers who have been addressing the issue of gun violence over the years and the initiatives that law enforcement are implementing to ensure their communities do not experience the same level of gun violence as the city of Chicago. According to Whitney (2012), guns have been in existence throughout America’s history. Conflicts with Native Americans led to the use of firearms for self-defense. States were justified to own firearms as a way of being ready for when duty calls. Whitney (2012) also explained how the Second Amendment gave Americans the right to gun ownership as a defense mechanism. In 2008, the Supreme Court eventually ruled gun ownership, as a citizen’s right not exclusively for self-defense, reversing their initial verdicts. In the modern world, people still own guns for purposes of hunting and self-defense.
While children might be exposed directly to gun violence, through perpetration or victimization, they could as well be indirectly exposed, by encountering gun violence in the community. According to Finkelhor, Turner, Shattuck, and Hamby (2015), there was a decline in youth exposure to gun violence between 2008 and 2014, although the difference was minimal. Approximately eight percent of children were exposed to a shooting experience, with those between ages 14 to 17 years reporting higher levels of exposure – around 13%. Additionally, boys had a higher likelihood of exposure than girls (Finkelhor et al., 2015). Gun violence is a situation that genuinely needs some useful solutions. Daily, there are cases of someone being shot and killed, either through suicide, an accident or out of anger. In the United States, gun ownership is culturally accepted. In Tanner, Tubiana, and Griffin’s (2007) article, the researchers displayed a graph accessed from the “Small Arms Survey 2007” which showed that for a 100 Americans, and 90 own guns. Most gun owners hold their beliefs in the 2nd Amendment. They know that according to the constitution, they have a right to own weapons. Although in cases of mass shootings, these individuals and organizations, including the NRA, blame the violence depicted in video games and movies and not their beliefs.
According to Golden (2011), self-defense is the principal of the 2nd Amendment. Although it authorizes the right to gun ownership, the Second Amendment does not necessitate every individual to practice that right. Blocher (2012) further claimed that in Kennesaw, Georgia, the state authorizes its people to have ammunition and guns in their homes. Although the people of Kennesaw exercise their right of gun ownership, the state has implemented laws on gun control among its people. Nevertheless, Blocher (2012) also asserted that those who support these policies might claim their intention is to prevent gun control. American citizens buy guns, this is a constitutional right, but certain states have set gun control policies. Braga and Pierce (2005) stated that states including Illinois, Hawaii, and Connecticut, need a license for firearm purchases and not for gun ownership, whereas Texas, Louisiana, and Alabama, require permits for possessing a gun. To practice their rights, people who own firearms are allowed to take part in shooting ranges which have turned out to be increasingly regular in the states and urban American communities (Braga & Pierce, 2005). The majority of shooting ranges have entry-level programs that exceed the essentials of the handling and safety of a gun in any circumstance alongside the people’s rights as Americans to own a firearm.
If the answer to gun violence in Illinois were as elusive as the cure for cancer, although that is not the issue. The practical solutions are in existence and merely lack funding or support. According to Bushman et al. (2016), while debates on gun rights and gun control continue to dominate the national agenda, it would be beneficial to have bipartisan support for initiatives, which could be useful in addressing gun violence. For the most part, advocates of gun control assert that strict gun laws could lead to a reduction in violent crime. However, opposers of gun control hold that more gun ownership restricting laws will increase violence (Corsaro & McGarrell, 2010). What contributes to this controversial issue is the kind of strategy that would be the most effective in reducing gun violence. Kelly Raymond, a former law enforcement officer, asserts that Americans in different states are excessively tolerant of mild gun violence and laws (Moorhouse & Wanner, 2006). According to Moorhouse and Wanner (2006), measures of gun control such as registration of all handguns, limits on the purchase of a firearm, bans on assault rifles, and waiting periods reduce the flow of guns into the criminal’s hands; thus, decreasing violence.
Focused Deterrence Strategy is an individual-based practice made up of numerous steps, starting with choosing a specific crime issue similar to youth homicide and organizing an inter-agency working group with the aim of stopping persistent violent behaviors. Braga and Weisburd’s (2012) meta-analysis revealed that fixed deterrence tactics have demonstrated a remarkable, reasonable outcome on general violence drop. In the 1990s, a top effective gun violence lessening initiative – Operation Ceasefire – was formed in Boston by clergy members, researchers, and law enforcement officers (Engel, Tillyer, & Corsaro, 2013). According to Braga, Kennedy, Waring, and Piehl (2001), it was a problem-solving tactic whose goal was to see a reduction in illegal gun ownership and gun violence, and other communities have similarly replicated and applied the strategy. Butkus, Doherty, and Daniel’s (2014) research showed that intensive interventions are linked to a decline in violence rates, even though success levels fluctuate in different cities. It is not clear if such strategies could create permanent reductions with time, and if the differences in achievement are as a result of diverse program initiatives.
According to Braga and Weisburd (2012), an intervention referred to as ‘Hot Spots Policing’ is applicable whereby suburban law enforcement expends limited resources where there is a high predictability and concentration rate of crime. Generally, this strategy has demonstrated remarkable, but small impacts on crime reduction, even though the researchers did not access youth gun violence (Borowsky, Widome, & Resnick, 2008). Skogan, Hartnett, Bump, and Dubois (2012) researched on the ‘Cure Violence’ strategy used in Chicago. The city of Chicago uses this strategy by taking a public health approach, using community mobilization, public awareness campaigns, outreach workers, and skilled street violence disrupters to reduce gun violence and homicides. Their research found Cure Violence was linked to reductions in retaliatory murders, killings, and shootings in certain communities (Skogan et al., 2012). According to Braga’s (2008) study, in Stockton, Operation Peacekeeper was initiated to reduce gun violence and involvement amid city residents by using Youth Outreach Workers to mentor youths in neighboring locations. Results found a reduction in gun violence cases. Braga’s (2013) study provided a comprehensive evaluation and description of the Cincinnati Initiative to Reduce Violence (CIRV) – an intensive gun-violence deterrence policy enacted in Ohio. In 2007, Cincinnati’s political leadership united with business and community leaders, street advocates, medical professionals, academics, and law enforcement officials, to create the CIRV. The Initiative was roughly formed after Boston’s Operation Ceasefire and uses an engrossed preemption policy to notify the penalties for gang members who are more at risk directly (Braga, Hureau, & Papachristos, 2014). There was a 63% fall in homicides among the younger generation in Boston following the strategy implementation that pushed several jurisdictions in the United States to try replicating this accomplishment by implementing similar initiatives (Engel et al., 2013). The overall achievement of these initiatives was reported in Engel et al.,’s (2013) study with the aim of explaining the effect of focused deterrence on gun-violence issues. However, the study did not have scientific evidence, hence bringing doubts on the empirical status of focused deterrence (Engel et al., 2013).
In another recent study, Braga and Hureau (2015) state gun laws discovered that approximately 3,200 acts had been implemented from 1990 to 2014, together with policies to tighten or loosen gun control. Since federal regulations control the purchase of guns by licensed sellers and fail to monitor sales made through private owners, most states try to regulate the sale of firearms by private dealers who are not authorized. According to Crifasi, Meyers, Vernick, and Webster (2015), around eleven states have “Permit to Purchase (PTP)” laws that make it necessary for people to get permits before obtaining a rifle. PTP policies are not similar in all states; for example, certain states allow individuals to receive their warrants by mail while others require them to obtain permits in person. The National Rifle Association has a major influence with regards to ownership procedures considering that it played a role in improving the marksmanship of first the American troops. The NRA currently offers training to civilians who wish to own guns. The National Rifle Association Network (2013) stated that followers try to create a stance against the disapproval from the New York administration in fighting the right to gun ownership in the United States.
Ariosto (2013) talked about weapon control laws. He claimed that the NRA is incriminating the leaders of coordinating a quiet and secretive go around democratic and legislative procedure to pass bills on gun control. The statement that calls for limitations on high capacity magazines, the rise of the ban on assault weapons, and harsher background checks was voted, passed and implemented in two days to evade a firearm market surge. The National Rifle Association Network (2013) continually displayed updates of legislation involvement in firearm regulation. The organization is perceived from all sides of the gun control argument as an initiative that governments ought to adopt regarding private access to firearms.
The Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act, implemented in 1993, is the most noteworthy federal attempt in restricting firearms in the U.S that requires background checks and waiting time on those trying to buy a gun. Sen and Panjamapirom (2012) stated that statistically, the cities that warrant background checks differ by state as some include tests for misdemeanors, fugitive status, mental illness, restraining orders, and criminal history. Before the introduction of background checks as a requirement for firearm purchases, several crimes and deaths occurred with stolen firearms and unregistered guns. Sen and Panjamapirom (2012) provided evidence from their study, claiming that with more background checks there is a reduction in gun violence. While buying a firearm, a stricter background check leads to fewer individuals having guns for the wrong reasons.
According to Sumner, Layde, and Guse (2008), in 2004, over 8,000,000 citizens made applications for firearm purchasing in America. Among them, only 1.6% were denied the right to buy a firearm. The few candidates who were deprived of the liberty to firearm purchase are a good case of the lack of proficiency in background checks. Sumner (2008) also discovered that cities use their local-level agencies to carry out gun background checks have reduced rates of gun suicides. These studies directly relate to supporting the idea that background checks that necessitate a more profound investigation on individuals will lower gun violence.
Even though the Brady Act warrants compulsory background evaluations for persons wanting to obtain rifles, sales by private gun holders are not included in this requirement. Nevertheless, Rudolph, Stuart, Vernick, and Webster (2015) claimed that individual states attempt to strengthen the Brady background checks. Almost 17 states and the Columbian district follow strict background checks for private sellers. For instance, the law of Massachusetts requires its residents to document all loses, inheritances, transfers, and sales of guns to the Firearms Record Bureau. This policy takes into consideration private purchases of firearms (Braga & Hureau, 2015). These researches were carried out with state-level data. Hence, the effect of PTP law is not clear, especially on gun violence related to youth. Conversely, studies of Child Access Prevention laws by Anderson and Joseph (2016) have evaluated the effect of such legislation on youth. Research, thus, shows declines in unintentional shooting of children, and reports of gun possession by teenagers.
Chapter 3
Methodology
Research Method
The researcher will deploy a qualitative examination procedure considering that the main aim of the study is to understand some of the challenges that law enforcement officers have been through with regards to gun-related crimes. Also, the researcher wants to find out some of the initiatives that the police officers have developed and implemented with the intention of making sure that residents of Du Page County do not experience the same level of crime as those residing in Chicago in relation to gun violence. The instrument of research involves a set of questions that are open-ended so as to allow the respondent to give a full account of what they truly believe with regards to the situation at hand. The researcher aims at discovering through participant the initiatives the suburban law enforcement officers have implemented to ensure that the citizens change their perception towards gun violence.
Strategy of Inquiry
The strategy of inquiry that the researcher will use is a case study, considering that the main focus will be specifically on police officers of the Du Page County. The reason behind this is that the researcher intends on discovering what initiatives the agencies of law enforcement have created and are using to ensure that the people of the county are safer than those who live in the city of Chicago with regards to gun violence related crimes. The focus of the inquiry is on major areas that include:
- Getting to know what the police chiefs think with regards to people having and using firearms.
- The outcomes of the initiatives set with regards to making sure that the people are safe from criminals who use guns to initiate violence to the people.
- The challenges that the officers are facing and some of the measures can implement to reduce gun related crimes
Sample Population
The sample population that the researcher intends to use as the interviewees will include the 39 police chiefs who are in charge of the 39 municipalities in Du Page County. Considering that this is a case study, the researcher intends to investigate human perception regarding a specific phenomenon; the researcher will use a purposive sampling technique. Purposive selection founded on selecting people based on various known objectives and traits. This implies that the researcher will conduct the selection process while keeping in mind that they need to select people who have a direct influence in the development of programs for the reduction of gun violence in the county. In this case, the heads of law enforcement in the various municipalities are the best option with regards to the sample population (Ghosh & Zadlo, 2014).
Instrumentation
This study will rely on an interview of ten open ended questions with the main areas of examination will be:
- The nature of the initiatives that the police chiefs have in place with regards to the reduction of violence committed using of guns.
- The perceptions that law enforcement personnel have in relation to people owning and using guns.
- Anything else that can be done to make the situation better, especially while focusing on challenges of implementing the current programs.
Considering that the questions are open-ended, the interviewees will have a chance to answer freely and fully with regards to how they feel about the safety of the people within the county, and the perception towards gun ownership. Considering that responses are from open-ended questions, assessing the same will be on the basis of the statistics available with regards to the gun-related gun violence in Du Page County.
Interview Questions
- What factors do you perceive explain why gun violence has remained relatively low in your municipality?
- What initiatives have been implemented to ensure that your community does not experience the same level of gun violence as the city of Chicago?
- If resources were available, what initiatives would you want to implement to further ensure that your community remains a safe place to live, work, and raise a family?
- What are your thoughts on community policing and neighborhood watch organizations?
- What programs have been created to ensure that the youth avoid engaging in criminal acts?
- What are your perspectives on resource officers in high schools?
Advantages of Interviews
- The researcher collects data directly from the source, hence no chance of leaving anything at.
- The researcher creates a rapport with the interviewee, thereby allowing the latter to give answers in a truthful manner.
- Since the questions are open-ended, the researcher is able to get more information than when dealing with the closed kind of queries.
- Interviews allow for flexibility in the asking of questions, especially if the interviewee has not understood what they need to give.
- Responses from the same allow the researcher to conduct analyses that are in-depth, hence gathering a lot of information.
Disadvantages of Interviewees
- Interviews are more costly when compared to issuing questionnaires.
- The interviewer can lead on the interviewee into answering questions in a bias manner.
- They are time consuming.
Data Collection
The researcher will collect data by interviewing the police chiefs of Du Page County using a set of open-ended questions as that would give them a chance to respond in detail. The intention is to collect information related to personal perceptions, feelings, and opinions about the measures for reducing cases of gun violence. The researcher will meet the police chiefs at their office within the police department. The researcher will conduct the interview where a audio recorder will be used to capture the responses, while also taking notes. The police chiefs will be assured of anonymity, and once they give their responses; their identities will not be revealed. The expectation is that all the interviews will be complete within a period of six months.
References
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RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors 10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. The can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. GET THIS PROJECT NOW BY CLICKING ON THIS LINK TO PLACE THE ORDER
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