Diagnosis, Treatment & Management of Endometriosis
Order ID |
53563633773 |
Type |
Essay |
Writer Level |
Masters |
Style |
APA |
Sources/References |
4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order |
5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
Diagnosis, Treatment & Management of Endometriosis
Case Study 1
A 32-year-old African American female presents to the clinic with a concern of dysmenorrhea over the past three years. Within the last year, she has experienced painful intercourse. She has been in a monogamous relationship with one male partner for the past five years. They have tried to have children with no success. Menarche was at age 10 and her cycles are 21 days apart that last six to seven days. The first day of her last cycle was 10 days ago and she reports that it was normal. She denies any vaginal itching or discharge. On her gynecological exam, there was no swelling, no external lesions, no erythema, no urethral swelling, and no vaginal discharge. The cervix was pink without lesions or discharge. The uterus was small, retroverted, and non-tender. The adnexa was small and non-tender. Nodules were noted along the cul de sac.
Differential Diagnoses
Endometriosis- A disorder where endometrial tissue is found to be on the outside of the uterus and usually affects women of childbearing age (Riazi, Tehranian, Ziaei, Mohammadi, Hajizadeh, & Montazeri, 2015). Symptoms include pelvic pain before and during menstruation, pain during and after sexual intercourse, irregular menstrual cycle, irregular bleeding, urinary frequency, diarrhea, gynecological infections, allergies, headaches, muscle, joint, and bone pain, and fatigue (Riazi, Tehranian, Ziaei, Mohammadi, Hajizadeh & Montazeri, 2015).
Adenomyosis- According to Harada, Khine, Kaponis, Nikellis, Decavalas, & Taniguchi (2016), “Adenomyosis is a benign uterine disorder characterized by the presence of heterotopic endometrial glands and stroma in the myometrium and reactive fibrosis of the surrounding smooth muscle cells of the myometrium.” Adenomyosis is usually found in females who are unsuccessful with pregnancy (Harada, Khine, Kaponis, Nikellis, Decavalas, & Taniguchi, 2016).
Female infertility- The absence of becoming pregnant after having unprotected sex for one full year (Lindsay & Vitrikas, 2015). In the United States, roughly 1.5 million women have reported being infertile (Lindsay & Vitrikas, 2015). This disorder can be affected by the problems of other reproductive organs. Ovulation complications, uterine abnormalities, and tubal obstruction play a major role in infertility (Lindsay & Vitrikas, 2015).
Diagnosis, Treatment & Management
Knowing that the patient has been suffering from dysmenorrhea for quite some time it is evident that further evaluation for endometriosis is needed as the patient is presenting with positive signs and symptoms. A thorough history and physical exam are warranted. Screening and diagnostic testing should include a pelvic ultrasound, laparoscopy, laboratory testing of the peritoneum, and a urinalysis to rule out pregnancy (Tharpe, Farley, & Jordan, 2017).
Suggested treatment is Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen 400-800mg by mouth every six hours along with danazol 200mg twice daily for six to nine months (Tharpe, Farley, & Jordan, 2017). Although the patient has mentioned that she and her partner have been trying to get pregnant with no success, temporary ovulation suppression is suggested. According to Hillard (2014), “Surgical therapies can often be avoided, particularly in women who wish to preserve child-bearing capabilities with the use of androgen medical therapy.”
Management & Patient Education
Management recommendations would consist of daily exercise, eating a diet low in sugar and high in omega 3, find ways to reduce stress such as meditation, eliminate tobacco and alcohol use (Lindsay & Vitrikas, 2015). Provide the patient with education on her disorder and what the options are for treatment (Tharpe, Farley, & Jordan, 2017). If the patient chooses medication therapy to explain to take the medication as prescribed and explain the side effects that the patient may experience (Tharpe, Farley, & Jordan, 2017). Keep all scheduled appointments with your provider so there is no delay in treatment. As the healthcare provider, be an active listener to the patient’s concerns and needs and answer all questions. Provide the patient with best practice suggestions and support.
References
Harada, T., Khine, Y. M., Kaponis, A., Nikellis, T., Decavalas, G., & Taniguchi, F. (2016). The Impact of Adenomyosis on Women’s Fertility. Obstetrical & gynecological survey, 71(9), 557-568. doi:10.1097/OGX.0000000000000346
Hillard, P. A. (2014). Menstrual suppression: current perspectives. International journal of women’s health, 6, 631-637. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S46680
Lindsay, T. J., & Vitrikas, K. R. (2015). Evaluation and Treatment of Infertility. American Family Physician, 91,(5), 308-314. Retrieved from https://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0301/p308.html
Riazi, H., Tehranian, N., Ziaei, S., Mohammadi, E., Hajizadeh, E., & Montazeri, A. (2015). Clinical diagnosis of pelvic endometriosis: a scoping review. BMC women’s health, 15, 39. doi:10.1186/s12905-015-0196-z
Tharpe, N. L., Farley, C., & Jordan, R. G. (2017). Clinical practice guidelines for midwifery & women’s health
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE |
NO RESPONSE |
POOR / UNSATISFACTORY |
SATISFACTORY |
GOOD |
EXCELLENT |
Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. |
30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. |
5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. |
Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors |
10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. |
Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. |
5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper |
7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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