Order ID | 53563633773 |
Type | Essay |
Writer Level | Masters |
Style | APA |
Sources/References | 4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order | 5-10 Pages |
Cyberspace and Geopolitics Course Project
Cyberspace, Geopolitics, Course, Project
This is the executive summary of a working paper by Carnegie Endowment for
International Peace.
"As cyber insecurity has become a growing problem worldwide, states and other
stakeholders have sought to increase stability for cyberspace. As a result, a new
ecosystem of “cyber norm” processes has emerged in diverse fora and formats.
Today, United Nations (UN) groups (for example, the Group of Governmental Experts
[GGE] and the Open-Ended Working Group [OEWG]), expert commissions (for
example, the Global Commission on the Stability of Cyberspace), industry coalitions (for
example, the Tech Accord, the Charter of Trust), and multistakeholder collectives (for
example,
the Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace) all purport to identify or
operationalize various normative standards of behavior for states and/or other
stakeholders in cyberspace. As some of these processes wind down (for example, the
Global Commission) and others wind up (for example, the OEWG), cyber norms are at
a crossroads where each process’s potential (and problems) looms large.
On October 29, 2019, the University of Pennsylvania’s Perry World House and the
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace convened a one-day workshop titled
“Cyberspace and Geopolitics.”
1 It brought together three dozen key stakeholders in the cyber norm discourse,
including representatives of national governments, international organizations,
nongovernmental entities, industry, and think tanks, alongside several chief information
security officers and academics from international law and international relations.
Participants assessed the various cyber norm processes both individually and
collectively. This paper builds on the outcome of those discussions.2
The workshop’s key takeaway was an embrace of the existing fragmentation of the
cyber norm ecosystem. Participants saw the variety of cyber norm efforts not as
detrimental but rather as an opportunity to broaden the base of engaged stakeholders
and to deepen understandings of normative expectations within relevant communities.
At the same time, the workshop highlighted four weaknesses that constrain the
effectiveness of these frameworks individually and collectively:
1-Inherent characteristics of the cyber domain, especially its low barriers to entry to
develop and to use cyber capabilities, that create serious multistakeholder cooperation
problems, as states, corporations, proxy actors, and others all would need to adhere to
norms
2-A lack of transparency about state behavior, which creates an inability to measure
norm adherence to differentiate “aspirational norms” from actual “norms” and, within the
latter category, to assess the breadth and depth of conformance by relevant actors
3-A dearth of great power cooperation to address this global public policy challenge,
especially as geopolitics moves from identifying norms to internalizing them within the
relevant state and other stakeholder communities
4-A lack of clear incentives for internalizing norms—that is, articulating concrete benefits
for adopting and internalizing one or more cyber norms or the costs that may follow a
failure to do so
Report URL: https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Cyberspace_and… (Links to an
external site.)
This link is about (Cyberspace and Geopolitics: Assessing Global Cybersecurity Norm
Processes at a Crossroads)
Report Requirements:
1-The report must be between 1,300 to 1,500 words (excluding citations and including
an abstract).
2-Critique one or more of the recommendations given, discuss why you think it is the
right approach or not. (important)
3-The report must include a complete bibliography and in-text citation in APA format.
4-A minimum of 5 references is required – You cannot use this main paper as a
reference.
5-The paper should be based on the recommendations. Feel free to align the
challenges to a specific industry/sector. (Couple of examples were given in the
discussion: such as Elections, and State attacks)
6-You cannot copy and paste someone else opinion, research, etc. Your writing MUST
be original. But you are allowed to leverage someone else's work. (You must make it
clear; it is someone's work by given appropriate credit, and proper citation).
7-Quoting someone's work (even when credit/proper citation is given) is not original
writing. As such, this paper cannot have more than 10% meaning (130 – 150 words) as
a direct quotation.
8-No plagiarism
Report Requirements:
1-The report must be between 14500 words (excluding citations and including an
abstract).
2-Critique one or more of the recommendations given, discuss why you think it is the
right approach or not. (important)
3-The report must include a complete bibliography and in-text citation in APA format.
4-A minimum of 5 references is required – You cannot use this main paper as a
reference.
5-The paper should be based on the recommendations. Feel free to align the
challenges to a specific industry/sector. (Couple of examples were given in the
discussion: such as Elections, and State attacks)
6-You cannot copy and paste someone else opinion, research, etc. Your writing MUST
be original. But you are allowed to leverage someone else's work. (You must make it
clear; it is someone's work by given appropriate credit, and proper citation).
7-Quoting someone's work (even when credit/proper citation is given) is not original
writing. As such, this paper cannot have more than 10% meaning (130 – 150 words) as
a direct quotation.
8-No plagiarism
1 day ago
4-A minimum of 5 references is required – You cannot use this main paper as a
reference. without this link https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Cyberspace_and…
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