Civilization of Northeastern Africa
Order ID 53563633773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages to Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was an ancient civilization of Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower extends of the Nile River in what is now the modern country of Egypt. Egyptian civilization emerged around 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh. Pharaoh is the names of their kings.
Egyptian Timeline
Old Kingdom (2700-2150); Middle Kingdom (2040-1786) and New Kingdom (1570-1075)
Geography
River dominates Egyptian world/thought. Surrounded by desert with occasional oasis. Permits some trade, defense from invasion and predictability.
Flourishing of a Civilization
The success of ancient Egyptian civilization came partly from its ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River Valley. The predictable flooding and controlled irrigation of the fertile valley produced surplus crops. These factors fueled social development and culture.
The Nile
Yearly flooding means no concern for soil depletion.
Predictable means can plan ahead.
Irrigation systems to help increase the area of land for agriculture.
Encourages trade and communication.
Impact on religion
Divided life – living and dying. East (sunrise) is land of the living – cities, temples. West (sunset) is land of the dead – tombs
Religion
Omnipresence of religion. Polytheistic. Interaction with the natural environment shows interrelated gods and goddesses, yearly rebirth of Nile and daily rebirth of sun. Over 2000 gods. Pharaoh is living god. Focused their life in the Afterlife.
Osiris; God of the Dead – rebirth – and the weighing of the heart
Horus, god of balance and harmony. Maintained the natural order: the flow of the Nile and the fertility of the soil.
Pyramids
Why build Pyramids? Belief in the afterlife demanded: Bodies be buried whole and Material goods for use in afterlife must be present. The need to protect the bodies demands good burial tombs
1. First were mastabas
2. Then pyramids
3. Then later hidden tomb
Great Pyramid; Tomb for Khufu. Almost perfect square (deviation .05%). Orientation is exactly North, South, East and West, 2,300,000 blocks, 500ft high, 20 years to build, Average block weighs 2.5 tons, and some weigh 9 tons!
Mummies
Not known when it started in Egypt. Perfected by time of New Kingdom.
How to make a mummy:
1) Removal of the brain through the nostrils 2) Removal of the intestines through an incision in the side 3) Sterilization of the body and intestines 4) Treating, cleaning, dehydrating the intestines 5) Packing the body with natron (a natural dehydrating agent) and leaving for 40 days 6) Removal of the natron agent 7) Packing the limbs with clay or sand 8) Packing the body with linen (soaked in resin), myrrh and cinnamon 9) Treating the body with ointments and finally wrapping with a fine linen gauze, not less than 1000 square yards .
Literature: The Book of The Dead
Is an ancient Egyptian funerary text, used from the beginning of the New Kingdom. The original Egyptian name for the text is translated as “Book of Coming Forth by Day”. The text consists of a number of magic spells intended to assist a dead person’s journey through the underworld, and into the afterlife.
The Pharaoh
God-King Owns all the land and people and what people possess direct descendant of the Sun god controls access to the afterlife July-Sept, during floods, life is controlled by the Pharaoh.
Daily Life in Egypt
Cosmetics, cleanliness (bathe 3 times a day), shaved bodies, wigs. Main food is beer and bread. Grow many crops: barley, flax, lentils, onion, beans, and millet. Common building made of sun-dried mud bricks – up to three stories in height. Four social classes – slaves on the bottom. Most common job farmingTechnology
The Egyptians created their own alphabet and decimal system. A 365 day calendar. The ancient Egyptians had developed a glassy material known as faience, which they treated as a type of artificial semi-precious stone. Early Egyptians knew how to mastered advanced forms of shipbuilding as early as 3000 BC.
Hieroglyphics
This language is written without vowels. Different pronunciations. Use in temples. On the Rosetta Stone; Announcement in Hieroglyphics, Demotic and Greek. Is Egyptians form of writing.
Papyrus
Papyrus is first known to have been used in ancient Egypt, is a thick paper-like material produced from the pith of the papyrus plant and was used as a writing material.
Art
The ancient Egyptians produced art to serve functional purposes. For over 3500 years, artists stick to artistic forms and iconography that were developed during the Old Kingdom, following a strict set of principles that resisted foreign influence and internal change. These artistic standards: simple lines, shapes, and flat areas of color combined with the characteristic flat projection of figures with no indication of spatial depth, created a sense of order and balance within a composition. Images and text were intimately interwoven on tomb and temple walls, coffins, and even statues.
Egyptian Artwork
Majestic Sculptures. Built in big Scale
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors 10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. GET THIS PROJECT NOW BY CLICKING ON THIS LINK TO PLACE THE ORDER
CLICK ON THE LINK HERE: https://www.perfectacademic.com/orders/ordernow
Also, you can place the order at www.collegepaper.us/orders/ordernow / www.phdwriters.us/orders/ordernow
Do You Have Any Other Essay/Assignment/Class Project/Homework Related to this? Click Here Now [CLICK ME]and Have It Done by Our PhD Qualified Writers!!