Order ID | 53563633773 |
Type | Essay |
Writer Level | Masters |
Style | APA |
Sources/References | 4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order | 5-10 Pages |
Case Study on Performance of Airports
Case, Study, Performance, Airports
12–15-page research paper on the Tampa International Airport in APA. Have template,
abstract and requirements attached
How to Delete Comments in this Template Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Before
proceeding, save a copy of this template with comments to use as a reference while you
write your papers. To create a “clean” template for your papers, you must delete all
comments like this. Before doing that, first save the template with a new document
name.
Then, simply type over the sample text, deleting any remaining sample text; be sure to
also delete the sample table & figure at the end of this template. To delete the
comments using MS Word, first left click on any pink highlighted text in the template.
Select Review along the top banner, then left click on the Delete dropdown tab. Finally,
select Delete All Comments in Document.
Title Page Notes Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: The ERAU College of Aeronautics has
adopted the APA Manual (7th ed.) Student Paper Required Elements for all papers in its
undergraduate and graduate courses. APA Student Paper Elements do not include a
running head; see APA Manual (7th ed.), p. 30, Sect. 2.2.
Insert page numbers on all pages; begin with 1 for the title page (top right corner of
each page). Use “title case” capitalization for your paper’s title: Capitalize the first letter
of all significant words, words containing four or more letters, and acronyms; use lower
case for lesser words containing three letters or less.
Capitalize the first word of the title, and the first word following a colon, hyphen, or
period/question mark in the title. APA Manual (7th ed.), p. 167, Sect. 6.17. Identify the
ERAU Worldwide College of your degree’s affiliation (e.g., College of Aeronautics,
College of Business, College of Arts and Sciences).
Date included on the student paper title page is the paper’s due date. If the course
instructor does not hold a doctoral degree, use Mr./Ms., or you may begin with the
instructor’s full name followed by faculty rank, e.g., Kimberly A. Instructor, Assistant
Professor.
Abstract Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Refer to the course assignment instructions to
determine if an abstract is required. Typically, shorter written assignments do not
require an abstract and keywords. If an abstract is required, follow it with Keywords:
(italicized), first line indented. However, the actual keywords that follow are not italicized
and, unless proper nouns or acronyms, the keywords are not capitalized. Do not include
a period after the last keyword.
An abstract is typically a maximum of 250 words written in a single paragraph; the first
line is not indented. Describe the purpose of your paper, identifying the major aspects of
your research and significant findings. Do not included quoted material, and avoid
including data, facts, etc., from sources that would require citations.
The abstract is a quick look for your readers, allowing them to determine if it contains
something of interest or material that could help them in their research. See APA
Manual (7th ed.), Chapter 2, p. 38, Sect. 2.9, for more about abstracts.
Keywords: words, phrases, and/or acronyms that describe the most important aspects
of your paper
San Francisco International Airport: Assessing a Major Aviation Hub Comment by
Jorgensen, Jeff: Include the full title of your paper, bold and centered, at the top of the
first page of text. Select 1” margins on all four sides of each page; indent the first line of
each new paragraph 0.5”. Double space all lines of text using one of three APA-
recommended fonts: 12-point Times New Roman (most common), 11-point Calibri, or
11-point Arial; use the same font for page numbers.
Introduce your paper in the first paragraph(s) of text. Do not include a heading for the
introduction section; the text of the introduction immediately follows the title above it –
see APA Manual (7th ed.), Chapter 2, p. 47, Sect. 2.27. Depending upon the length of
the paper, one to three paragraphs should be an adequate introduction; however,
several paragraphs may be more appropriate for extensive, comprehensive research.
More extensive introductions should include subsections identified with subheadings.
An introduction paragraph does not serve the same purpose of an abstract, nor is it the
same as your conclusion/summary section. For more information about introductions
see APA Manual (7th ed.), Chapter 3, Sect. 3.4.
SFO History Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Level 1 heading format; see APA Manual
(7th ed.), p. 48, Table 2.3 There are significant changes to section headings format
compared to the APA Manual (6th ed.) Never insert a section/subsection heading with
only the heading appearing at the bottom a page (without at least one line of text on the
same page). Force a heading appearing at the bottom of a page to the top of the next
page using your keyboard’s Enter key.
If using MS Word, you may also use the Insert – Pages – Page Break feature in the MS
Word ribbon bar. When finished, be sure to review the paper for extra lines or blank
pages; all normal text in the paper must be double spaced. If you do not properly set up
MS Word line format before you begin, you will very likely see triple spacing between
paragraphs.
This template should be formatted to permit you to simply type over everything with your
text while retaining the required double-spacing format. Be sure to delete all notes
appearing in this sample APA student paper template.
Include Level 1 headings, bold and centered, describing the focus of each major section
in the paper. Level 1 headings follow title case heading: Capitalize all major words, all
words containing four or more letters, acronyms, and the first word of the heading, even
if a minor word (e.g., A, The, If, etc.).
SFO Economics and Finance
Notice this Level 1 heading contains two related subjects, so in the first paragraph(s) of
this section you would more broadly introduce the two related subjects together; see
below for examples of Level 2 & Level 3 subheading formats.
Economics Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: (Level 2 heading format)
Begin the first paragraph of this subsection here.
Ownership, Control, and Governance Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: (Level 3 heading
format) See APA Manual (7th ed.), Chapter 2, p. 48, Table. 2.3, for format examples of
all five levels of section headings and subheadings.
If including a subsection within a subsection, follow this heading format.
Financial Performance
Begin the first paragraph of this subsection here.
SFO Airline Strategies
Begin the introductory paragraph(s) of this section here.
Asia-Pacific Air Carriers
Begin the first paragraph of this subsection here.
U.S. Airline Hubs at SFO
Begin your first paragraph of this subsection here.
Airport Public Relations
Begin your introductory paragraph(s) of this section here.
Noise Abatement
Begin your first paragraph of this subsection here.
Aircraft and Ground Equipment Emissions
Begin your first paragraph of this subsection here.
Environmental Responsibility
Begin your first paragraph of this subsection here.
Clean Water
Begin your first paragraph of this subsection here.
Recycling
Begin your first paragraph of this subsection here.
Electric Vehicles
Begin your first paragraph of this subsection here.
Conclusion Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: or Summary
A conclusion presents a final overview of the research major findings, but more
importantly, it describes the author’s key conclusions resulting from a thorough
assessment of the research findings. On the other hand, a summary may be compared
to a brief essay that presents and succinctly evaluates only the major findings of the
research.
Tables and Figures Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Note: This section is included only for
information purposes. A paper would not include a tables and figures section here; see
below for location options to insert tables and figures. Delete this entire Tables and
Figures section from your paper.
Pages 12-13 include examples of a properly formatted table and figure. Do not simply
include figures and tables without referring those reading your paper to each figure or
table, e.g., “Figure 1 provides…”; or, include it in parentheses following an appropriate
sentence, e.g., (see Figure 1). Do not write “see the table below”, or “refer to the figure
on page 18.”
APA permits a few options for inserting figures and tables; the easiest is to include all
figures and tables on separate pages following the references list. If the figures/tables
remain legible, more than one figure or table per page may be included on a single
page. Align figures and tables with the left and top margins; if more than one figure/table
is included on the same page, double space between them and align the successive
figure(s)/table(s) against the left margin.
Rotate a large figure vertically if it would be distorted using a horizontal view; do not
shrink it so much that it becomes difficult to read. Do not use figures that are blurry or
illegible (e.g., print is too small to read) – if you cannot locate a legible copy, do not use
it.
A figure is typically a photo or a copy of something, including a copy of a table from an
outside source; a copied table would be inserted following the APA figure format.
A table is typically created to exhibit data discovered in research/experiments, or data
collected from outside sources being presented in tabulated form. See APA Manual (7th
ed.), Chapter 7, for several examples of tables and figures.
Citation Examples Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Note: This section is included for
information purposes only. A paper would not include a separate section containing
citations. Students must include citations where required in the text of the paper. Delete
this entire Citation Examples section from your paper.
In addition to direct quotations, a citation is required for each sentence you create that
includes facts, figures, data, others’ ideas or research findings, or specific/unique pieces
of information (unless common knowledge, e.g., 50 U.S. states, water boils at 212
degrees Fahrenheit). Following are a few examples of in-text citations; their associated
sources appear in the sample references list (page 13).
Consider varying your citation style; instead of simply including citations at the end of
each sentence requiring a citation (a parenthetical citation), begin some sentences with
the citation (a narrative citation).
Narrative Citation Examples
According to Cook and Billig (2017), an airline’s distribution system includes two
avenues for potential customers to research and book flights without using a third party:
the airline’s website or its call center. Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: This sentence is not
a direct quote; however, since it contains specific information presented in the Cook and
Billig textbook, it must be cited.
Cook and Billig (2017) noted, “The many advantages of the H&S system make it the
choice of all large U.S. carriers except Southwest and the predominant route system
worldwide” (p. 67).
Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Note the placement of the period: outside the end-
parenthesis (not between the last word and the end-quotation mark). Include a page
number for direct quotes; use “pp.” for multiple pages, e.g., (pp. 67-68). For direct
quotes from websites and webpages with no identified pages, include the paragraph
number, for example (para. 12).
As United Airlines (2020a) describes, “The cleaning procedure for flights includes a
thorough wipe down using an effective, high-grade disinfectant and multi-purpose
cleaning of lavatories, galleys, tray tables, window shades and armrests” (para. 1).
Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: If multiple sources have the same author and the same
date, include a, b, etc., immediately following the year in the citation.
If the source has no date, use (n.d.) for a single source, and (n.d.-a), (n.d.-b), etc., for
multiple sources with the same author and no date. See the sample references list for
more about this. Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Again, note the placement of the period
for a quotation, as well as the requirement to include a webpage paragraph number
since this United Airlines webpage does not include page numbers.
United Airlines (2020b) offers a special flight experience, termed Premium
Transcontinental Service, between San Francisco and Newark, San Francisco and
Boston, and Los Angeles and Newark.
As explained by ERAU SpecialVFR (2016), airplanes are powered by at least one
engine; aircraft engines are also known as powerplants in the aviation industry.
According to ERAU SpecialVFR (2016), “An airplane has an engine which is commonly
referred to as a powerplant” (0:15). Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: This and the previous
citation example are from a YouTube video produced by ERAU. This sentence is a
direct quote from the video, so it must include the time stamp from the point where the
quote begins in the video, i.e., 15 seconds into the video. If it began 1 hour 2 minutes 30
seconds into the video, it would be presented as (1:02:30).
Parenthetical Citation Examples Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Following, are
parenthetical citations forms of the narrative citation examples provided above (in
order).
An airline’s distribution system includes two avenues for potential customers to research
and book flights without using a third party: the airline’s website or call center (Cook &
Billig, 2017). Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Note the placement of the period: outside
the end-parenthesis (not between the last word in the sentence and the parenthetical
citation).
Use the ampersand, “&”, in a parenthetical citation of a two-author source; however, use
“and” in a narrative citation (compare this parenthetical citation example to the first two
narrative citation examples). If a source has three or more authors, identify only the
primary author’s last name followed by “et al.” (“and others”) in both parenthetical and
narrative citations, e.g., (Belobaba et al., 2009).
“The many advantages of the H&S system make it the choice of all large U.S. carriers
except Southwest and the predominant route system worldwide” (Cook & Billig, 2017, p.
67).
“The cleaning procedure for flights includes a thorough wipe down using an effective,
high-grade disinfectant and multi-purpose cleaning of lavatories, galleys, tray tables,
window shades and armrests” (United Airlines, 2020a, para. 1).
A special flight experience is available on select United Airlines flights; termed Premium
Transcontinental Service, it is offered only on select flights between San Francisco and
Newark, San Francisco and Boston, and Los Angeles and Newark (United Airlines,
2020b).
Airplanes are powered by at least one engine; aircraft engines are also known
as powerplants in the aviation industry (ERAU SpecialVFR, 2016).
“An airplane has an engine which is commonly referred to as a powerplant” (ERAU
SpecialVFR, 2016, 0:15).
Block Quotations
If a quotation contains 40 or more words, the entire quotation must be indented. To
check the number of words in a specific area of text using MS Word, simply highlight the
words and look to the bottom left corner of the screen. You should see the Word
document page number identified, as well as the number of highlighted words.
With certain exceptions, do not use quotation marks for block quotations and, unlike
citations in the shorter direct quotes above, the block quotation citation is
placed outside the end-punctuation mark (following the period belonging to the last
sentence in the block quotation).
For example: Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Note the yellow highlighted quotation marks
below. This is the exception of using quotation marks in a block quotation: If the block
quotation contains in-text quoted material, place quotation marks around the quoted
material included in the source being quoted.
Asked whether the virtual seat map is a tool to get passengers to buy a cushier seat,
Jojo said that is not the primary goal, though "that might happen.''
"We do have a more segmented product right now,'' Jojo said. "So, for customers to
understand the difference in those segments, so when they buy it, they know what they
bought, is really the most important thing.'' (Gilberston, 2019, para. 9-10)
Alternatively, the block quotation may begin by introducing the author using
the narrative citation format: According to Gilbertson (2019),
Asked whether the virtual seat map is a tool to get passengers to buy a cushier seat,
Jojo said that is not the primary goal, though "that might happen.''
"We do have a more segmented product right now,'' Jojo said. "So, for customers to
understand the difference in those segments, so when they buy it, they know what they
bought, is really the most important thing.” (Para. 9-10)
If your quotation contains fewer than 40 words (no block style required), and a quote
within the quotation, use a single apostrophe to identify the quoted material within the
quotation. For example,
According to Gilbertson (2019), “Asked whether the virtual seat map is a tool to get
passengers to buy a cushier seat, Jojo said that is not the primary goal, though ‘that
might happen’” (para. 9).
References Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Always begin the references list with the
References heading placed at the top of a new page. This sample references list
contains examples of the sources used in the sample citations section above, as well as
a few additional examples of source formats commonly used in student papers. Note
the bold type APA 7th ed. now requires for the references section heading.
Belobaba, P., Odoni, A., & Barnhart, C. (Eds.). (2009). The global airline industry. John
Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Include (Ed.) – singular / (Eds.) – plural
following name(s) of persons identified as editors. Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: Italicize
publication titles and most titles/headings found on websites (see below for some
exceptions). Unlike your paper’s title, references list source titles use sentence case
capitalization:
Capitalize only the first word of the title, in addition to the first word following a colon,
hyphen, or period/question mark in the title (regardless of the number of letters in the
word). Capitalize all proper nouns and acronyms in a references list source title, e.g.,
San Francisco International Airport, or SFO.
Burridge, T. (2020, April 17). Coronavirus: Who is still flying? BBC
News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52319575 Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff:
Include the online news source name (not italicized) following the italicized title of the
webpage/article.
Cook, G. N., & Billig, B. G. (2017). Airline operations management. A management
perspective. Routledge. Comment by Jorgensen, Jeff: If a source has multiple authors,
list names in order of appearance in the publication, do not reorder them alphabetically.
List by last name followed by initial(s); do not include professional titles, e.g., Ph.D., Dr.,
military ranks. Do include any suffixes, e.g., Jr., Sr., II, III. However, do not
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