Can You Help Me With Homework? Needed By Sunday
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53563633773 |
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Essay |
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Masters |
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APA |
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4 |
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5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
Can You Help Me With Homework? Needed By Sunday
EXTENDING THEORY THROUGH EXPERIENCE: A FRAMEWORK FOR BUSINESS ETHICS FROM YOGA
PATRICIA DOYLE CORNER
Faculty of Business Auckland University of Technology
Auckland, New Zealand, 1010
ABSTRACT
The relationship between workplace spirituality and business ethics is extended by integrating the “yamas”, yoga’s guidelines for social interaction, with existing literature. I developed a theoretical framework that depicts relationships between spirituality and business ethics suggested by this integration.
INTRODUCTION
A theme emerging in the management literature is that workplace spirituality and business ethics are inextricably intertwined. However, existing research on this topic is predominantly theoretical (Jurkiewicz & Giacalone, 2004). Its application in real world organizations thus is limited despite the fact that conceptual treatments of workplace spirituality and ethics are thought provoking and begin to do what theory should do — suggest plausible connections and relationships not yet glimpsed (Van Maanen et al., 2007). But, conceptualization needs to be matched with experience or empirical data in order to prevent theories from being remote from the phenomenon they intend to describe (Van de Ven & Johnson, 2006). The purpose of this paper is to provide an experiential framework as a basis for workplace spirituality thereby extending the theoretical research in this area into the realm of practice. The framework is from an ancient eastern spiritual tradition, yoga, and provides five practices that organization members enact in order to initiate and harmonize social connections and interactions. The Sanskrit word for these practices is yamas and they also provide a means for the practitioner to consciously witness or experience their own beliefs about and reactions to social interactions and connections.
WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY AND BUSINESS ETHICS
Workplace spirituality is most often defined as workers seeking connectedness in their
work community and exploring their inner selves (Ashmos & Duchan, 2000, Gull and Doh, 2004). Researchers suggest that workplace spirituality and business ethics may be linked but they have only begun to consider what this linkage is and how it may unfold. Gull and Doh (2004) say that workplace spirituality helps stimulate the moral imaginations of its members who have to deal with thorny ethical issues. Stimulated moral imaginations are thought to lead to more ethical decisions being made regarding such thorny issues. Jackson (1999) states spirituality in organizations provides a basis for ethics by creating a depth of understanding that deepens a person’s sense of morality which then leads to more ethical behavior and decision making. Contributing to this discussion, the yamas provide a set of practices to enhance awareness of connectedness with others and with the broader social environment. These practices thus provide a useful framework to introduce experiential ideas to this theoretical notion of connectedness that is so strongly communicated in the literature on workplace spirituality.
YOGA AS PHILOSOPHY
The word yoga in Western cultures conjures up images of physical postures for relaxing
and limbering up the body. However, the postures are a very small part of the ancient philosophy and science that is yoga and interestingly, the postures are a relatively recent addition to the plethora of practices that constitutes this spiritual tradition. More ancient practices include meditation, mantra, chanting, codes for behavior, prescriptions for bodily cleanliness and acquisition of knowledge — literally thousands of practices. The idea is that an individual, through the sustained practices of yoga, can transcend their personal likes and dislikes, pains and pleasures, successes and failures in order to achieve a permanent state of peace, joy, and selfless dedication to humanity (Satchidananda, 2004). This transformation is described by some masters as evolution wherein individual consciousness is transcended and merged with universal consciousness (Niranjanananda, 2002). Yoga offers a scientific approach for acquiring the mental discipline for controlling patterns of consciousness and achieving this transcendence (Satyananda, 1976). This yogic view of the human mind echoes Steingard’s (2005) view wherein the mind obfuscates a whole spectrum of human consciousness and spiritual potential.
Yoga has a few texts that articulate its basic tenets. Arguably, one of the most important is the Yoga Sutras authored by the sage Patanjali. In English this title might be best translated as “Verses on Yoga” but the Sanskrit word “sutra” literally means thread. The Yoga Sutras thus are 196 verses that “thread” together the entire philosophy of yoga, according to Patanjali. The writing of the Yoga Sutras cannot be exactly determined but it is believed to be between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago. Patanjali presents an eightfold path of yoga within his sutras; consisting of eight general categories of yogic practices that an individual can perform to, ultimately, transcend individual consciousness and merge with universal consciousness. It is the first category of practices, known as the yamas, which are the focus of the present manuscript. The yamas are 5 in number and are designed to harmonize a person’s social interactions. Harmonized relationships are needed because any discordance here disturbs the mind (Satyananda, 1976
Can You Help Me With Homework? Needed By Sunday
RUBRIC
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Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. |
30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. |
5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. |
Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
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5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors |
10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. |
Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) |
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3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. |
5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper |
7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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