Botany and Zoology Essay Assignment
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Botany and Zoology Essay Assignment
BIOLOGY
Biology is a natural science which involves the study of life and that of the living organism.
We find two types of life in nature. One is plant while the other is animal. Accordingly Biology has been divided into two branches: Botany and Zoology. Botany deals with theoretical discussion and research about characters and other features of plants, while Zoology is limited in subjects relating to animals.
In biology, it’s divided into branches which includes;
- Morphology
- Cytology
- Histology
- Physiology
- Taxonomy
- Anatomy
- Biochemistry
- Ecology
- Evolution
- Cell biology
- Genetics
- Mycology
- Parasitology
- Virology
PRINCIPAL BRANCHES OF BIOLOGY
Biology has been divided into Botany and Zoology on the basis of nature of
living beings. Inspite of this, now-a-days extensive research has been done on Microorganism. They influence human life in various ways. So for discussion about them a new branch is made. This is known as Microbiology.
Considering the subjects of living bodies on which discussion is made the whole range of Biology is divided into the following main branches.
- Morphology: This branch deals with both the external and internal
structures of organism. The subject concerning internal . structures is also known as Anatomy.
- Cytology: Each living organism consists of one or more cells. Structure and functions of cells are treated in this branch of Biology.
- Histology: In this branch discussion is made on structure, location and function of different tissues.
- Physiology: This branch includes all the activities of living things e.g growth respiration, excretion, photosynthesis and other biological activities.
- Taxonomy: In this branch discussion is made on identification
nomenclature, and classification of plants and animals into groups and subgroups.
- Genetics: How different characters are inherited from parents to offsprings , and how the processes can be controlled and improved etc. are brought under study and research in this branch.
- Ecology: This branch considers the effects of environment on living
organisms or living communities and also interaction between them.
- Evolution: This branch deals with the origin and successive transformations of living organisms.
Anatomy: is a branch of biology that deals with the study of the structure of the living organisms and their parts.
Biochemistry: this is a branch of biology concerned with the chemical and physiochemical processes that occurs within the lining organisms.
Evolution: this is the process by which different kinds of living organism are thought to have developed from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
Cell biology: this is the study of the cell structure and its function and the cell is the main fundamental unit of life.
Mycology: is the study of fungi.
Parasitology: parasitology is the branch of biology concerned with the study of parasitic organism.
Virology: this is a branch of biology that deals with the study of viruses.
The groups discussed above are the basic branches of Biology. Scientists gradually started to utilize the knowledge of these branches for human welfare, and as a result applied branches of Biology were created. Agriculture, Medical science, Breeding etc. are some of the important applied branches of Biology. Applied Biology also includes Forestry and Horticulture, Fishery, Pest Control. Animal Husbandry etc. There are numerous varieties of plants and animals on earth. Generally similar plants or animals are arranged in particular groups. Some special branches of Biology have been created on the basis of different types of living things are under discussion and research: for example. Phycology includes only members of algae; fungi are treated in Mycology; Virology deals with viruses only; bacteria are considered in Bacteriology; Helminthology is based on study of worms only; insects are discussed in Entomology. Each of the above mentioned divisions has been divided into subdivisions or branches. It has been mentioned earlier that research in Biological fields has greatly extended now-a-days.
CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS Taking a few main characteristics from many we shall now compare plants with animals.
- Size and shape: Plants have no definite size and shape while animals have definite size and shape. 2. Life Time: Life time is not limited for plants and under suitable conditions they live for a long period. But animals live up to a certain length of time under suitable conditions.
- Growth: In suitable environment growth of many plants continue for a long period. Growth in animals takes place up to a certain stage of life and growth ceases after that.
- Movement: Most land plants remain fixed in soil with the help of roots as a result they cannot move. But some organs of plants may show some movement. A few animals (Such as Sponge) are not capable of movement. Most of the animals can move freely.
- Nature of Food: Plants cannot take solid food Animals can take solid and liquid type of food.
- Nutrition: Plants are autotrophic, it can prepare food through photosynthesis. Animals cannot prepare their own food. For foods they are to depend on plants and other animals.
- Structure of Cell: A Plant cell has dead cell wall. Most of the mature cells have a large vacuole and plastids. The animal cell has no cell wall and it contains small vacuoles and centrioles.
- Reproduction: Plants reproduce by vegetative, asexual and sexual methods. Reproduction in animals mainly takes place by sexual method .Vegetative and asexual reproduction may be found in some animals.
- There are different systems in animal body. But plants have no body system.
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors 10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. GET THIS PROJECT NOW BY CLICKING ON THIS LINK TO PLACE THE ORDER
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