Biomechanics and Primate Locomotion Lab Report
Order ID |
53563633773 |
Type |
Essay |
Writer Level |
Masters |
Style |
APA |
Sources/References |
4 |
Perfect Number of Pages to Order |
5-10 Pages |
Description/Paper Instructions
Biomechanics and Primate Locomotion Lab Report
Here goes round two of Lab Reports. This one is going to pull from two separate Virtual Labs, though you will see that they relate to the same concept. Each of the labs provides such little content that the two should really be grouped together in creating a cohesive whole.
Begin this assignment by reading the Lab Exercises for both Lab 3 and Lab 4. These are the datasets you will be working with. Sections 2 and 3 of Lab 4 will provide you with general anatomical information regarding the bones you are working with.
The goal of the lab report is to make inferences about locomotor behavior by analyzing skeletal material. This is what we do in paleontology. Since we seldom (if ever) find a complete skeleton, we have come up with a variety of ways to discuss life history, adaptations, and behavior from most elements of the skeleton. This aspect of paleontological work encompasses the fields of biomechanics and functional morphology. These elements do not always tell us the whole story, but every little bit counts.
Before you dive into your work, I want to clarify what data you are to use. The activity in Lab 3 is pretty straight forward. Other than some color-coding issues in the scatter plots, you should not run into many problems. It doesn’t quite show you the parameters for measuring the Olecranon Process vs the Ulnar Shaft. Do your best by examining the image on the opening page. Even if you struggle, however, the lab ultimately gives you the measurements to work with.
Lab 4 is unfortunately a little more convoluted. After you get through the review of Scientific Method, the lab shows you how to measure the Humerofemoral Index. This is your primary metric for this activity. After you go through the motions of obtaining this index, however, Kappelman gives you a different metric (the Intermembral Index) as well as body mass. Ignore these! Proceed in this report only by using the indices that you measured (Olecranon-Ulnar & Humerofemoral). The lab explains that this measurement can be used as an approximate for the Intermembral Index and so that is how we will use it. It is important to treat this exercise as if you only have three bones to study (Humerus, Ulna, Femur). When reporting on the intermembral index, state clearly that you are using the Humerofemoral Index as a proxy. This will not ruin your interpretation as it plots in the same general area. Honestly, I don’t know why he throws extra data at you. It’s unnecessary and less realistic.
I also want you to ignore the body mass provided for you (also unrealistic). You are asked to make assumptions about body mass in your conclusions. In plotting the Humerofemoral index on the Intermembral Index plot, you will see a range of body sizes that are common for this Index. That is what you discuss.
Finally, ignore the behavioral data. If you could study these primates in real time their identity would not be a mystery…
Lab Report 2: Biomechanics and Primate Locomotion
Between Labs three and four, Kappelman provides students with two metric activities. These focus on a specimen titled “mystery primate”. Students are provided with three osteological elements to assess: the Ulna, the Humerus, and the Femur. With these in hand, two separate biomechanical indices are obtainable. The Olecranon-Ulnar index measures the length of the Olecranon Process relative to the length of the Ulnar Shaft. The Humerofemoral index measures the relative proportion of the forelimb to hindlimb. Each of these indices can be used to make assumptions about the mystery primate’s locomotor style.
This lab report will be an exercise in paleontology. Students are said to have found these three elements and are asked to provide insight into the locomotor style. Your report should follow the following outline/answer the follow question.
Introduction (In any order, include the following)
-Explain what is meant by locomotion and the four common primate locomotor styles discussed in the lecture.
-Explain the scenario. Your team has discovered three primate limb bones and you have been tasked with determining the animal’s mode of locomotion.
-Thesis statement
Here is your googled definition of a thesis statement: A thesis statement is one sentence that expresses the main idea of a research paper or essay, such as an expository essay or argumentative essay. It makes a claim, directly answering a question.
Materials and Methods
-What are the elements you are working with
-What are the indices that you will be calculating
-how are they calculated
Results
-What are the index values
-Where do they fit in the plots provided in the lab
-which species do they plot with?
(feel free to copy and paste the scatter plots as well)
Discussion
General statement regarding this data and the overall locomotor pattern.
Discuss your findings beyond the simple locomotor classification (not just one of the four categories discussed above). There are low values and high values for each grouping. The differences reflect variations of that particular group. (this is explained in the lab content)
Explain the function of the indices. Why are the limbs building this way? What are the functional specifics? (explained in the lab content)
Can we make assumptions about body mass?
Conclusions
Assuming that the Mystery Primate is a known species, what species do your measurements suggest it is (refer to the scatter plots)? What sort of environment would you expect to find it in? Given its locomotor style and assumed body mass, what predictions could you possibly make about its diet? What other data would you need to confirm your predictions?
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE |
NO RESPONSE |
POOR / UNSATISFACTORY |
SATISFACTORY |
GOOD |
EXCELLENT |
Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. |
30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. |
40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. |
50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. |
Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). |
Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. |
5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. |
10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. |
15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. |
20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. |
Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors |
10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors |
15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. |
20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. |
Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) |
Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. |
3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. |
5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper |
7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. |
10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. |
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