can machines be said to ‘think’?
Order ID 53563633773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages To Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
Topic 4 continued: Can machines be said to ‘think’? We know they can ‘compute’, and we know that brains also ‘compute’. So what is the difference between a computer and a brain? If Physicalism is true, could we build a machine that could be said to have a ‘mind’ like a human?
Required reading:
3) Alan Turing, ‘Computing Machinery and Intelligence’
Actions(Excerpted from Mind (Links to an external site.), 1950, 49: 433-460, annotated by)
3) John Searle,’Minds, Brains & Computers’
Actions(Excerpted from The Behavioral & Brain Sciences (Links to an external site.), 1980, Vol. 3, annotated by )
Media:
One issue connected with the question of whether the mind is, or is not simply the same thing as the brain, is the question of whether a machine could ever be said to be thinking. If the mind is really just, at bottom, a physical effect caused by the brain (which is a physical object), then it might seem that there is no reason why another physical object – a machine – might not be built that can do the same. But if Descartes is right, and the mind is a different kind of stuff, i.e. a special kind of mental stuff, and not physical or material at all, then it would follow that machines probably will not be able to be said to be ‘thinking’.
But what is ‘thinking’ after all? Take note that it is different to feeling i.e. having emotions. At some kind of basic level, thinking is just ‘following logic’ right? Kind of like calculating. If this is the definition of ‘thinking’ we are working with, then, again, it seems no reason why we should not describe machines as ‘thinking’. It doesn’t need to have anything to do with whether machines can have emotions or be creative etc. Those are different questions to the ‘thinking’ question. Moreover, it might, in the future, turn out to be really hard to know if something is an automaton or android, or a human being.
As we create more and more sophisticated machines, and develop materials so that we can build robots that look exactly like humans – how are we going to be able to tell if they are ‘thinking’ or ‘conscious’ or not? If machines eventually are to be able to be built using biological materials – skin, tissues, blood, etc – then looking inside of them will not tell us if they are ‘thinking’ or ‘conscious’…..Watch the following required video.
Assessment:
#5
Prompt: Turing devised the ‘Imitation Game’ as a way to answer the question ‘can a machine think?’ Is Turing right that someday, there will be machines or androids, that think or are conscious like humans? How will we be able to tell?
Please write a minimum 200 word response to the prompt; and then write a 100 word response to one of your fellow students’ posts.
https://youtu.be/39EdqUbj92U that is the link for the required video.
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors 10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. The can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. GET THIS PROJECT NOW BY CLICKING ON THIS LINK TO PLACE THE ORDER
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