Elderly Population And Elderly Abuse Discussion Paper
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Elderly Population And Elderly Abuse Discussion Paper
In 2009, the elderly population in the Republic of Mauritius stood t 148,000 out of a population of 1,260,403 million or 10 % of the total population. Their number increases by about 8000 yearly and it is expected that by 2037, the percentage of elderly population will double to 20% of the population. Presently, there some 150,000 elderly population aged 60 and above in the Republic of Mauritius and this represents about 11% of the population of Mauritius. However, it has been estimated that by 2047, the number will rise to 362,700, since life expectancy will be 74.23 for males and 79.33 for females.
(Source: International Day of the Elderly 2010- Ministry of Social Security, National Solidarity and Senior Citizens Welfare & Reform Institutions)
As we are entering a period where the modal family situation is one of fewer children available for sharing responsibility of providing for and caring for the elderly parents, it is against this background of increased research or family violence demographic changes in the society and an increased concern for the problems of older persons that elderly abuse become a significant focus.(Claire Pedrick-Cornell , Richard J.Gelles, July, 1982)
History of elderly abuse and neglect.
Like today’s child abuse, which was once defined as correctional behavior, a series of field hearings and considerable research revealed the sad truth-elder abuse. Elder abuse was far from an isolated and localized problem involving a few frail elderly and their pathological offspring. The problem was a full-scale, national epidemic which existed with a frequency few dared to imagine. In fact, abuse of the elderly by loved ones and caregivers existed with a frequency and rate only slightly less than child abuse. Subsequent work in this area has shown that the problem has increased dramatically through the years. The latest figures show that 1.1 million or one out of every 25 elderly persons are victims of abuse each year ( Mary.J.Quinn,Susan.K.Tomita, 1997).
Over half a million reports of elder abuse are filed each year. Many cases go unreported. Many elders report abuse but they are ignored. Family members may believe that the abuse is a figment of the elder’s imagination or a symptom of mental deterioration. In other cases, the care giver can explain the situation in a manner that does not constitute abuse (Donna McFadden, Aug 2010). Large-scale studies on the prevalence of elder abuse have been restricted to developed nations, and the available data are limited. But the information that is available shows that both older men and women fall victim to abuse, and that abuse of older persons in both developed and developing countries is surprisingly widespread.
In developing countries, where most of the world’s older persons live – most of them poor – there have not yet been any studies or systematic collection of statistics done. Even so, there is ample evidence from crime records, news reports filed by journalists, social welfare records and some small studies, that elder abuse – physical, emotional and financial – is widespread.
In Mauritius, we can say that the problem of elderly abuse and neglect exists since colonialism and the import of indentured labourer. Elder slaves were subjected to various types of abuses, including physical and emotional abuse. Elderly women were having recourse to self abuse by throwing themselves from the top of Le Morne Brabant Mountain to escape violence from their masters in Rodney Philips’ book “Tales from Mauritius”.
With the proclamation of the Elderly Persons Act 2005 on 01 September 2006, many cases have been reported by the elderly persons, relatives, close friends, neighbours and through the Elderly Watch. In 2006 the International Network for Prevention of Elder Abuse (INPEA) designated June 15 as World Elder Abuse Awareness Day (WEAAD) and an increasing number of events are held across the globe on this day to raise awareness of elder abuse, and highlight ways to challenge such abuse.
Definition of elder abuse and neglect.
There have been various researches and writings about elder abuse; yet findings may be at odds with one another, often because of differing definitions of the problem, research metholodologies, and samples that are studied.
Some definitions of elderly abuse and neglect are as follows:
The World Health Organisation defines elder abuse as
“A single or repeated act of or lack of appropriate action occurring within any relationship where there is an expectation of trust, which causes harm or distress to an older person or violates their human and civil rights.”
It is a knowing, intentional, or a negligent act by a caregiver or any other person that causes harm or a serious risk of harm to a vulnerable adult (Christine Kennard, 2006).
Elderly abuse means the infliction of physical pain, injury, willful deprivation by a caregiver or other person of services necessary to maintain mental and health.
Elder neglect means the failure of a caregiver to provide food, shelter, clothing, medical services, or health care for the person unable to care for self; or the failure of person to provide these needs for self as a result of mental or physical inability (Richard J.Bonnie, Robert B.Wallace, 2003)
Elder abuse has been used as an all-inclusive term that is often used to represent physical abuse, so that it already indicates that there are differences in the way elder abuse is interpreted. It may involve relationships between spouses, adult children, other relatives, maybe friends, and anyone else in whom the older person has placed trust. Other behavior that is considered abusive may depend on its duration, its frequency, its intensity, its intentionality, and the consequences (Rosalie Wolf, 2003).
According to the Protection of Elderly Persons Act 2005, abuse is defined as any who:Willfully subjects an elderly person to illtreatment, whether physical or verbal;
Subjects an elderly person to prolonged mental or emotional harassment;
Intentionally causes pecuniary loss or material prejudice to an elderly person
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