Order ID | 9976817000 |
Subject | Psychology |
Topic | final paper |
Type | Rewriting |
Writer level | Undergraduate |
Style | APA |
Sources / references | 7 |
Language | English(U.S.) |
Description / paper instructions
Rewrite Alcohol abuse, psychiatric disease, and suicide. doxc. This document is just a draft.
1. Did you state the hypothesis the paper is addressing/ 2. Did you include a specific neurobiological mechanism that relates to the behavior discussed? 3. Did you include data to support AND refute the hypothesis? (guideline is that 1 citation = 1 piece of evidence and you should have at least 5 pieces total with a minimum of 1 on the support or refute side of the story). 4. Did you provide interpretations of the data and implications? 5. Did you identity gaps in the literature and future directions? (note 4 and 5 go together – usually authors will discuss all this in the discussion sections of the papers you are reviewing) 6. Does the bibliography include a minimum of 5 primary references with 2 from Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research? 7. Is the paper between 2,000-3000 words? 9. Are there full sentences for each part of the paper? Did you spell check and proofread? 10. Do not include large pieces of quoted text. Write in your own words summarizing findings from the papers. The Relationship among Alcohol Abuse, Psychiatric Disease, and Suicide Current research on alcohol abuse among youthsDefine “youths” more explicitly; young adults? Teenagers? Those over 21? Under 21? In which country?indicates that there are significant associations between alcohol abuse and neurological disorders (Wiener et al., 2017)Feel free to only cite this source at the end of your second sentence, since both sentences correspond to the same source. In particular, Wiener et al. (2017) concluded that alcohol abuse among youths significantly predicts the co-occurrence of certain neurological disorders such as depression, anxiety, mood disorders, and suicide ideation.Add a transition word here to help it flow better.Alcohol use disorder (AUD) increases the frequency and severity of psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorders (Simhandl, Radua, König, & Amann, 2016). Alcohol abuse alters the brain structure, cognition, and function (Lisdahl, Gilbart, Wright, & Shollenbarger, 2013) by influencing the level of innate immune cells found in the brain (Crews, Lawrimore, Walter, & Coleman, 2017). In this paper, I will examine the relationship among alcohol abuse, psychiatric disorders, and suicide risk.Try to avoid using “I statements” in academic writing. Not a very strong hypothesis; what are you arguing? That AUD contributes to an increased risk for suicide based on its propensity to increase the occurrence of comorbid disorders? That AUD may increase risk for suicide but the direction of comorbidity still needs to be proven by research? Alcohol abuse contributes to significant changes to the brain structure, cognition, and functioning. Alcohol consumption among youths has serious consequences since the brain is still developing. According to Lisdahl et al. (2013), the adolescent brain undergoes significant neurological changes in the white and grey matter areas. These are areas concerned with executive functions, where (in which)the brain continues to undergo synaptic pruning up to around whenUntil an individual is around 25 years twenty-five years old. Alcohol abuse and mainly binge drinking inhibits the proper development of the white matter of brain, with serious consequences in the formation of brain connections in areas such as the prefrontal cortex, motor areas, brain stem, and limbic region (Lisdahl et al., 2013). The overall impacts of this inhibition are poor emotional regulation, problems with the working memory, and problem solving difficulties. Crews et al. (2017) examined the impact of alcohol on individuals by studying how it affected the functioning of innate immune cells and neurons. By affecting the proper functioning of these, Because of alcohol’s impact on various brain structures, individuals experience craving, impulsivity, anxiety, and behavioral control problems. Various studies provide evidence supporting the relationship between alcohol abuse and the comorbid psychiatric disorders and suicide risk. Wiener et al. (2017) conducted a cross-sectional study using a sample of 1,953 individuals between ages 18 and 35 years. Of this sample, 9.60 percent (187) were identified as having alcohol abuse disorder. The findings show that alcohol use disorder strongly predicted the presence of anxiety disorder, mood disorder, and suicide risk, each having a PR of 1.66, 2.13, and 1.52 respectively(Wiener et al., 2017). No need to cite this source a second time. The confidence interval for the three measures was set at 95 percent. In another study, Simhandi et al. (2016) found a strong link between alcohol use disorder and increased frequency of depressive bipolar I episodes. This was a prospective study with a sample of 284 individuals. The findings indicated that alcohol use disorder increased the cox regression hazard ratio (What is the cox regression hazard ratio?) for relapse of depressive bipolar I disorder to 2.7(Simhandi et al., 2016). No need to cite this source a second time. The p-value for the measure was 0.005. Add a sentence closing this paragraph off, such as, “These are only a few examples of the research which supports a connection between alcohol use and psychiatric disorders.” Add a stronger transition sentence, such as, “Although there is an abundance of evidence supporting the relationship between alcohol use and comorbid psychiatric disorders, other researchers have found no relationship. For instance…” Some researchers have found little evidence of the relationship among alcohol use disorder, psychiatric disorders, and the risk of suicide. Van Zaane et al. (2014) conducted a prospective study using a sample of 137 individuals, all having bipolar disorder.Who were all diagnosed with bipolar disorder. The participants were monitored keenly for daily alcohol intake as well as mood symptoms. The study found a low correlation between the amount of alcohol the participants consumed daily and their average moods for each day. Specifically, the correlation between the two was – 0.01.Go through your paper and make sure that every number <100 is spelled out in words (except for p values and things like that). The findings by Wiener et al. (2017) and Simhandi et al. (2016) revealed strong association between alcohol use disorder and the co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders and suicide risk. In particular, Wiener et al. (2017) found that the probability of suicide more than doubled (PR 2.13) when there was alcohol use dependence. The risk for mood disorder and anxiety was one and a half times higher with alcohol use disorder. The findings revealed that alcohol abuse significantly predicted the presence of mood disorders among the sample. (Were the studies predictive? If so, state this earlier in the paper as well. But make sure that it was an experimental study which examined the directionality of the relationship!)While individuals reported consuming alcohol to reduce mood disorders such as anxiety and depression, the study found that intoxication produced an entirely different effect. Intoxication led to impulsivity, sadness, and hopelessness (Wiener et al., 2017). [Findings by Sinhamdi et al. (2016) were similar. The findings revealed that alcohol use disorder more than doubled the risk of reoccurrence of bipolar I disorder. The factor was 2.7 times the normal.] Combine these sentences. Transition into this paragraph. Tell your reader why this study is relevant to your paper before you introduce the paper. The study by van Zaane et al. (2014) yielded conflictory findings on the relationship among alcohol use disorder, psychiatric disorders, and suicide risk. The findings indicated that alcohol use among individuals accounted for a paltry 0.01 percent in mood changes. The study utilized a high significance level indicating there were even fewer chances of being wrong. The authors concluded that alcohol use had no association with psychiatric disorders.This paragraph should be included with your previous paragraph regarding studies that do not support a relationship between AUD and comorbid disorders. Here, it feels out of place. There are existing gaps in the current literature. One of these gaps is the lack of studies controlling for key factors such as a history of substance use disorders in the family (Lisdahl et al., 2013). A history of substance abuse in the participant’s family could be indicative of an inherent genetic predisposition for drug use and psychiatric disorders. Another gap in the existing literature is the lack of longitudinal studies examining the long-term impact of alcohol abuse as well as how it could influence the development of psychiatric disorders and suicidal ideation.Make sure to add a conclusion, which could involve this information, but the gap in literature alone is not enough. Also, don’t forget to include suicide risk in all of the paper, it seems to have dropped off which makes the reader wonder why it was included in the first place.
References Crews, F. T., Lawrimore, C. J., Walter, T. J., & Coleman, L. G. (2017). The role of neuroimmune signaling in alcoholism. Neuropharmacology, 122, 56-73. Lisdahl, K. M., Gilbart, E. R., Wright, N. E., & Shollenbarger, S. (2013). Dare to delay? The impacts of adolescent alcohol and marijuana use onset on cognition, brain structure, and function. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4, 53. Simhandl, C., Radua, J., König, B., & Amann, B. L. (2016). Prevalence and impact of comorbid alcohol use disorder in bipolar disorder: A prospective follow-up study. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 50(4), 345-351. van Zaane, J., van de Ven, Peter M, isma, S., Smit, J. H., Nolen, W. A., & van den Brink, W. (2014). Effect of alcohol use on the course of bipolar disorder: One-year follow-up study using the daily prospective life chart method. Bipolar Disorders, 16(4), 400-409. Wiener, C. D., Moreira, F. P., Zago, A., Souza, L. M., Branco, J. C., Oliveira, J. F. d., . . . Oses, J. P. (2017;). Mood disorder, anxiety, and suicide risk among subjects with alcohol abuse and/or dependence: A population-based study. Revista Brasileira De Psiquiatria, 40(1), 1-5.
Draft Review:
The Relationship among Alcohol Abuse, Psychiatric Disease, and Suicide Current research on alcohol abuse among youths indicates that there are significant associations between alcohol abuse and neurological disorders (Wiener et al., 2017). In particular, Wiener et al. (2017) concluded that alcohol abuse among youths significantly predicts the co-occurrence of certain neurological disorders such as depression, anxiety, mood disorders, and suicide ideation. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) increases the frequency and severity of psychiatric disorders such as bipolar disorders (Simhandl, Radua, König, & Amann, 2016). Alcohol abuse alters the brain structure, cognition, and function (Lisdahl, Gilbart, Wright, & Shollenbarger, 2013) by influencing the level of innate immune cells found in the brain (Crews, Lawrimore, Walter, & Coleman, 2017). In this paper, I will examine the relationship among alcohol abuse, psychiatric disorders, and suicide risk. Alcohol abuse contributes to significant changes to the brain structure, cognition, and functioning. Alcohol consumption among youths has serious consequences since the brain is still developing. According to Lisdahl et al. (2013), the adolescent brain undergoes significant neurological changes in the white and grey matter areas. These are areas concerned with executive functions, where the brain continues to undergo synaptic pruning up to around when an individual is around 25 years. Alcohol abuse and mainly binge drinking inhibits the proper development of the white matter of brain, with serious consequences in the formation of brain connections in areas such as the prefrontal cortex, motor areas, brain stem, and limbic region (Lisdahl et al., 2013). The overall impacts of this inhibition are poor emotional regulation, problems with the working memory, and problem solving difficulties. Crews et al. (2017) examined the impact of alcohol on individuals by studying how it affected the functioning of innate immune cells and neurons. By affecting the proper functioning of these, individuals experience craving, impulsivity, anxiety, and behavioral control problems. Various studies provide evidence supporting the relationship between alcohol abuse and the comorbid psychiatric disorders and suicide risk. Wiener et al. (2017) conducted a cross-sectional study using a sample of 1,953 individuals between ages 18 and 35 years. Of this sample, 9.60 percent (187) were identified as having alcohol abuse disorder. The findings show that alcohol use disorder strongly predicted the presence of anxiety disorder, mood disorder, and suicide risk, each having a PR of 1.66, 2.13, and 1.52 respectively (Wiener et al., 2017). The confidence interval for the three measures was set at 95 percent. In another study, Simhandi et al. (2016) found a strong link between alcohol use disorder and increased frequency of depressive bipolar I episodes. This was a prospective study with a sample of 284 individuals. The findings indicated that alcohol use disorder increased the cox regression hazard ratio for relapse of depressive bipolar I disorder to 2.7 (Simhandi et al., 2016). The p-value for the measure was 0.005. Some researchers have found little evidence of the relationship among alcohol use disorder, psychiatric disorders, and the risk of suicide. Van Zaane et al. (2014) conducted a prospective study using a sample of 137 individuals, all having bipolar disorder. The participants were monitored keenly for daily alcohol intake as well as mood symptoms. The study found a low correlation between the amount of alcohol the participants consumed daily and their average moods for each day. Specifically, the correlation between the two was – 0.01. The findings by Wiener et al. (2017) and Simhandi et al. (2016) revealed strong association between alcohol use disorder and the co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders and suicide risk. In particular, Wiener et al. (2017) found that the probability of suicide more than doubled (PR 2.13) when there was alcohol use dependence. The risk for mood disorder and anxiety was one and a half times higher with alcohol use disorder. The findings revealed that alcohol abuse significantly predicted the presence of mood disorders among the sample. While individuals reported consuming alcohol to reduce mood disorders such as anxiety and depression, the study found that intoxication produced an entirely different effect. Intoxication led to impulsivity, sadness, and hopelessness (Wiener et al., 2017). Findings by Sinhamdi et al. (2016) were similar. The findings revealed that alcohol use disorder more than doubled the risk of reoccurrence of bipolar I disorder. The factor was 2.7 times the normal. The study by van Zaane et al. (2014) yielded conflictory findings on the relationship among alcohol use disorder, psychiatric disorders, and suicide risk. The findings indicated that alcohol use among individuals accounted for a paltry 0.01 percent in mood changes. The study utilized a high significance level indicating there were even fewer chances of being wrong. The authors concluded that alcohol use had no association with psychiatric disorders. There are existing gaps in the current literature. One of these gaps is the lack of studies controlling for key factors such as a history of substance use disorders in the family (Lisdahl et al., 2013). A history of substance abuse in the participant’s family could be indicative of an inherent genetic predisposition for drug use and psychiatric disorders. Another gap in the existing literature is the lack of longitudinal studies examining the long-term impact of alcohol abuse as well as how it could influence the development of psychiatric disorders and suicidal ideation.
References Crews, F. T., Lawrimore, C. J., Walter, T. J., & Coleman, L. G. (2017). The role of neuroimmune signaling in alcoholism. Neuropharmacology, 122, 56-73. Lisdahl, K. M., Gilbart, E. R., Wright, N. E., & Shollenbarger, S. (2013). Dare to delay? The impacts of adolescent alcohol and marijuana use onset on cognition, brain structure, and function. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4, 53. Simhandl, C., Radua, J., König, B., & Amann, B. L. (2016). Prevalence and impact of comorbid alcohol use disorder in bipolar disorder: A prospective follow-up study. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 50(4), 345-351. van Zaane, J., van de Ven, Peter M, isma, S., Smit, J. H., Nolen, W. A., & van den Brink, W. (2014). Effect of alcohol use on the course of bipolar disorder: One-year follow-up study using the daily prospective life chart method. Bipolar Disorders, 16(4), 400-409. Wiener, C. D., Moreira, F. P., Zago, A., Souza, L. M., Branco, J. C., Oliveira, J. F. d., . . . Oses, J. P. (2017;). Mood disorder, anxiety, and suicide risk among subjects with alcohol abuse and/or dependence: A population-based study. Revista Brasileira De Psiquiatria, 40(1), 1-5.
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