River Discharge Lab Report Applied Geomorphology
Order ID 53563633773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages to Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Wilfrid Laurier University
282 GG
ADD ON TO PART 1 IN LAB 4 EXERCISE
#7 and #8 have been added as new questions.
River Discharge in Applied Geomorphology
Watershed of the Nith River
In Google Earth, look at the Nith River, including the sites of some of the gauging stations. Usage Google Earth to learn about the area’s topography and cultural landscape, with a focus on land use. Examine the geomorphology of the channel, as well as the surficial geology and physiography maps.
Curves of Flood Frequency
Download and open the Nith River Stations Excel spreadsheet; your TA will assist you in understanding how the data is displayed. For the station Nith River above Nithburg, the calculations and graph are finished (refer to the lab handout). Complete the calculations and graphs for the other two stations that show Maximum Instantaneous Discharge vs. Recurrence Interval. To complete the calculations, rank each station’s maximum instantaneous discharge data and compute a recurrence interval for each record.
Answer Questions 1, 2, and 3 by performing the computations required. SAVE your documents. The Excel document that you will generate will contain the solutions to Questions 1, 2, and 3.
Q1. For each station, plot the annual maximum instantaneous discharge as a function of the recurrence interval (produce a scatterplot). Three graphs will be presented (one is already created for you). Each data set from a station should be treated separately. Draw a straight line through any data points with a recurrence interval of more than or equal to 1.5 years. To make the line, utilize a curve fitting process (use a logarithmic function). Make a copy of your finished graphs. into a document that will be submitted (5 points)
Q2. The maximum instantaneous discharge value for each year is shown in the IMAX column. Calculate the mean of each station’s annual maximum discharge series.
The Mean Annual Flood is a parameter. In m3s-1, express your response. Showcase the the end result (1.5 marks)
Q3. Determine the recurrence interval of the Mean Annual Flood from each station using your graphs or formulae (preferred is the equation). Present your findings. (1.5 points)
Q4. Estimate the magnitude of the Nith River’s 100-year flood using the flood frequency curves.
At each location, there is a river (1.5 marks)
Q5. Calculate the magnitude of flow (flood) episodes with recurrence periods of 5, 20, and 50 years.
For the three stations, it’s been 50 years. Fill in the blanks in the table below and analyze the results. The table shows the probabilities. (4.5 points)
Annual Flood Discharges and Probabilities for the Nith River are shown in Table 1.
Recurrence
Interval
Flood Magnitude’ (years) (m3/s) The likelihood of an event occurring in a given year. Intensity of incidence in the next ten years Above the Nith River
Nithburg Nith River at New Nithburg Nithburg Nithburg Nithburg Nithburg
Near the Nith River in Hamburg
Canning
5
20
50
Here are your probability calculations for a 5-year Recurrence Interval (RI):
(You can write it by hand, photograph your work, and then attach the the.jpeg.)
Calculations using the Manning Equation
Examine the diagram of the stream channel and nearby floodplain on page 9 of the lab background document. Consider a number of different flow scenarios. The water is contained within the channel under the first set of circumstances. Initially, the water level is low, then moderate, and finally, the water level is at the bankfull channel depth. Mannings n and the gradient are given values for each condition (S). Solve for R (hydraulic radius) and V (channel volume) using the channel geometry (velocity).
Q6 a) Flow in a single channel. The flow is contained within the canal here. Solve for R and V using the roughness coefficients and slope values in the table. (6 points)
Mannings n SR (m) V (m/s) Water Depth in Channel (m)
0.25 0.046 0.001
0.75 0.036 0.001
2.0 0.030 0.0015
Here’s one set of calculations (calculation for R, the calculation for V):
(You may write it down and photograph it, then submit a photograph of your rough work):
Q6 b) Flow Above Flood Stage in the Channel The flow has exceeded the channel’s bank full capacity, and the water level has risen to 2.5 meters above the channel’s bed. What are R and V if we use the roughness and gradient values below? (2 points)
Mannings n SR (m) V (m/s) Water Depth in Channel (m)
2.5 0.030 0.0015
Q6 c) A floodplain is depicted in the diagram. Water flows out onto the floodplain when the flow surpasses the bankfull capacity. Assume that the flow has exceeded the channel’s bank’s full capacity and that the water level has risen to 0.5 meters above the floodplain surface. What are R and V for the floodplain if we use the roughness and gradient numbers below? (2 points)
Above-ground water depth
Mannings n S R (m) V (m/s) Floodplain (m) Mannings n S R (m) V (m/s)
0.5 0.25 0.0015
Q7. INCLUDE THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS IN YOUR ORIGINAL DOCUMENT:In Question 6, you used the Manning equation to compute the V(m/s) for our hypothetical river, as shown in the image below. You will now calculate the Discharge (Q = A x V) using the River Velocity you calculated earlier.
Q7 a) Calculate the Discharge (Q) for the identical scenarios using the Velocity values from Question 6.
(6 points)
Channel Water Depth (m)
n Mannings
A(m2) Q(m3/s) S V (m/s)
0.25 0.046 0.001
0.75 0.036 0.001
2.0 0.030 0.0015
Here’s an example of a Q calculation:
(You may write it down and photograph it, then submit a photograph of your rough work):
Q7 b) Calculate the Discharge (Q) for the river channel using the Velocity numbers from Question 6b.
(2 points)
Above-ground water depth
flooded area (m)
n S V (m/s) Mannings n S V (m/s) Mannings n S V (m/
A(m2) Q(m3/s)
2.5 0.030 0.0015
Q7 c) Calculate the Discharge (Q) for the river floodplain using the Velocity numbers from Question 6c.(2 points)
Above-ground water depth
flooded area (m)
n S V (m/s) Mannings n S V (m/s) Mannings n S V (m/
A(m2) Q(m3/s)
0.5 0.25 0.0015
Consider the velocity of the channel when it is overbanked.
a) Describe how the velocity changes as it approaches the floodplain. (1 point)
b) Using the Hjulstrom Curve (included in the Excel file), how would fine, medium, and coarse sand be delivered at that velocity? (3 points)
c) In the floodplain, what sediment sizes are most likely to be found? (1 point)
RUBRIC
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