3 different assignments
1. ch. 2 hw questions (attached)
2. Please draw a synapse between the neuron and the tissue for Adrenergic (alpha and beta) and muscarnic. In addition please draw the synapse between the 2 neurons in the ganglion. That is a total of 3 drawings that should be scanned or photographed and turned in. I recommend colored pencils.
Each drawing should include:
post-synaptic receptors
neurotransmitter vesicles
neurotransmitters
reuptake pumps
presynaptic receptors
mechanism of turning off the nuerotrasmitter signal (ex. Acetylcholinesterase)
3. ch.3 hw questions (attached)
Pharmacology BIO 107
Homework #2
1) What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
2) What are the two types of neurons of the peripheral nervous system?
3) What are the two systems that include motor neurons?
4) What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?
5) The “Fight or Flight” response is due to the activation of which system?
6) Which receptors are found only as part of the sympathetic nervous system?
7) Which receptors are found in the parasympathic nervous system?
8) If you see a bear in the woods, what is released and which receptors are activated?
9) What happens during fight or flight (sympathetic) to
10) What happens during rest and digest (parasympathetic) to
11) Adrenergic agents do what?
12) Adrenergic blocking agents do what? What are they blocking?
13) Cholinergic agents do what?
14) Cholinergic agents do what? What are they blocking?
15) What is a synapse?
16) What is a ganglion?
17) What are the catecholamines and what do they do?
18) What is the neurotransmitter(s) at the ganglions in the sympathetic nervous system?
19) What is the neurotransmitter(s) at the ganglions in the parasympathetic nervous system?
20) What is the neurotransmitter(s) at the tissues in the sympathetic nervous system?
21) What is the neurotransmitter(s) at the tissues in the parasympathetic nervous system?
22) What is the post-synaptic receptor(s) at the ganglion in the sympathetic nervous system?
23) What is the post-synaptic receptor(s) at the ganglion in the parasympathetic nervous system?
24) What is the post-synaptic receptor(s) at the tissues in the sympathetic nervous system?
25) What is the post-synaptic receptor(s) at the tissues in the parasympathetic nervous system?
26) What is special about alpha-2 receptors? Where are they located and what is their function? If you have an alpha-2 receptor antagonist will you have a flight or fight response or the opposite?
27) Where is norepinephrine synthesized?
28) What is the fate of norepinephrine after it is release and acts on the receptor?
29) Where are Beta 1 receptors found and what do they do in response to sympathetic stimulation?
30) What are the five ways by which a drug can affect synaptic transmission?
31) What kind of receptors are adrenergic receptors?
32) What kind of receptors are nicotinic receptors?
33) What kind of receptors are muscarinic receptors?
34) How does phenylephrine work? What are its adverse effects and how do they relate to the action of the sympathetic nervous system?
35) What is a sympathomimetic?
36) What is a adrenergic blocking agent? Does this produce fight or flight or the oppostite?
37) How does prazosin work? What are its adverse effects and how do they relate to the action of the sympathetic nervous system?
38) Terazosin is used for what? One of your elderly relatives asks you about a prescription for this he received from a specialist. In turn you ask about the other medications your relative has been prescribed by other practioners. What are you concerned about?
39) Why are beta-blockers indicated for different things? What is different about them?
40) How does bethanechol work? What are its adverse effects and how do they relate to the action of the parasympathetic nervous system?
41) What is the fate of acetylcholine after it is released and acts on its receptor?
42) If someone is given an AchE inhibitor will the result be similar to “fight or flight” or “rest and digest”?
43) If someone is given a cholinergic agent what side effects might you expect? Are these “fight or flight” or are these “rest and digest”?
44) If someone is given an anti cholinergic agent what side effects might you expect? Are these “fight or flight” or are these “rest and digest”?How does atropine work? What are its adverse effects and how do they relate to the action of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Pharmacology BIO 107
Homework #3
Seizures
Known Causes:
Special considerations for Pregnancy:
Definition of Epilepsy:
Antiseizure pharmacotherapy
Goal:
Three mechanisms:
Barbiturates
Mechanism of action (molecular):
Indication:
Common side effects and relation to mechanism of action:
Prototype drug:
GABA potentiating agents
Mechanism of action (molecular):
Indication:
Common side effects and relation to mechanism of action:
Prototype drug: topiramate (Topamax)
Benzodiazepines
Mechanism of action (molecular):
Indication:
Common side effects and relation to mechanism of action:
Prototype drug:
Hydantoins
Mechanism of action (molecular):
Indication:
Common side effects and relation to mechanism of action:
Prototype drug”
Phenytoin-like Drugs
Mechanism of action (molecular):
Indication:
Common side effects and relation to mechanism of action:
Prototype drug:
What is the process for withdrawl of Antiseizure Medicaitons?
Neuromuscular Disorders
Ions involved in functioning of muscles are:
Define:
Pharmacological Treatment of muscle spasm
Therapeutic goals are:
Centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxants
Mechanism of action (molecular):
Indication:
Common side effects and relation to mechanism of action:
Prototype drug:
Direct-Acting Antispasmodics
Mechanism of action (molecular):
Indication:
Prototype drug:
Nondepolarizing blockers
Mechanism of action (molecular):
Indication:
Common side effects and relation to mechanism of action:
Prototype drug:
Depolarizing Blockers
Mechanism of action (molecular):
Primary Use:
Prototype drug: Succinylcholine
Degenerative Disease of the Nervous System
Parkinson’s Disease
Symptoms:
Causes of Symptoms:
Neurotransmitters involved:
Drug Therapy for Parkinsonism
Goals of Pharmacotherapy:
Dopaminergic agents:
Mechanism of action (molecular)
Levodopa –
Carbidopa-
Tolcapone
Ropinirole
Amantadine
Common side effects and relation to mechanism of action
Anticholinergic agents
Mechanism of action (molecular)
Common side effects and relation to mechanism of action
Prototype Drug:
COMT Inhibitors
Mechanism of action (molecular)
Common side effects and relation to mechanism of action
Alzheimer’s Disease
Symptoms:
Possible causes of symptoms:
Structural Damage in the Brain:
Goals of Pharmacotherapy:
Available Agents
AchEI
Donepezil
Mechanism of action (molecular):
Common side effects and relation to mechanism of action: