Challenges of a change management process
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Challenges of a change management process
Running head: DOCTORAL QUALIFYING EXAMINATION PAGE 1
DOCTORAL QUALIFYING EXAMINATION PAGE 43
Doctoral Qualifying Examination
Doctoral Qualifying Examination
Introduction
The Doctorate program in business administration for first year of University focuses on the introduction of the various concepts of leading change, marketing strategy and consumer behavior, finance for managers, a management strategy for performance, business intelligence and global economics. This paper mainly includes all the evidence of the concepts which are learned in the four courses of my first year such as leading change, business intelligence and information systems, management strategy for performance, marketing strategy and consumer behavior in the order it has been given.
Part I: Portfolio of CLA 2’s
CLA 2 Introduction: Course #1
Throughout the Leading change course we were introduced to the concepts of managing change, images of change management, why change? Contemporary pressures and drivers, vision and the direction of change, change communication strategies, organization development and sense-making approach, sustaining change versus initiative decay. This CLA2 paper offers proof of ability as IT Manager implement change in the organization. As agile transformation Leader in leading change and providing vision and sense of direction of change. This course has provided the ability to implement change in agile transformation and develop change management strategy by successful implementation of the change through entire enterprise level. Change is inevitable in the business world. Leading change is not an easy task and most of the change management processes have failed in the recent past due to various reasons. Effective team leaders are prerequisite in ensuring that the change is achieved within the stipulated time. Generally, leaders must cultivate the skills for assimilating change, providing expectedness and assist others to understand the integral risks, advantages, and reasons behind a certain change. The history of leading change which can be traced from 1960-2012 will be discussed in this paper. Moreover, various leadership styles and how they impact change in organizations will also be incorporated. Change process cannot be achieved without resistance in the workplace and this is also taken care of. Motivations for change are essential because they play fundamental roles in achieving changes. Furthermore, leading change as an individual is not easy since it requires much competence and skills. Lastly, success factors of implementing change process and its benefits are of great importance in organizations.
BUS 735 CLA 2
Change is inevitable in the business world and it takes place probably on daily basis. Change in the business world is currently being compared to taxes and deaths which cannot be avoided at all costs. People are very significant elements when it comes to transforming change organizations since they are the pioneers of change. Transforming organizations is a cumbersome task and may take much time depending on how the group responds to the proposed change. Managers play a pivotal role as far as leading change is concerned in organizations. Vision is prerequisite for leading change and it’s proactive rather than reactive. Leading other people through a particular change effectively is a significant leadership aptitude since it allows companies to hasten the change initiatives. Generally, leaders must cultivate the skills for assimilating change, providing expectedness and assist others to understand the integral risks, advantages, and reasons behind a certain change. These factors ensure that people express full engagement towards the delivery of change enterprises. The history on leading change, leadership style and leading change, organized resistance to change, the motivation of change, leading change as individuals and challenges of the change management process is a significant component of leading change.
History
The history of leading change has its roots in the 1960s. Numerous change management processes and models are attributed to grief studies. In the 1960s, consultants noted a correlation between grieving amongst workers in an organization and matters connected to health. The weeping emanated from loss of departments and jobs. Copious change models attempted to capture the entire array of human emotions as staffs lamented transitions related to jobs. Everett Rogers, the author of diffusion of innovations maintains that change should be comprehended in communication and time context. In addition, the impact it has on participants must be considered. Cummings and Worley (2014) maintain that placing folks at the center of change thinking is very crucial to developing the change management concept. Rogers projected the descriptive adopter which explained how people responded to changes in organizations. In the 1980s, Julien Philips managed to publish a change management model despite the abundant time which was consumed before the change management nobles understood what he meant. According to Robert Marshak, the six big consulting and accounting firms adopted the work of initial change pioneers like Don Harrison and Daryl Conner. Therefore, they contributed profoundly to the legitimization of the entire change management industries after branding the reengineering amenities as change management.
In the 1990s, Daryl conner invented the new term “burning platform” which was explained in his book, managing at the speed of change. The conner partners in 1994 focused on the adoption methods and human performance that would make sure that technological innovations were embraced and adopted in the best manner and within the shortest time possible. The conner partners were thriving and this affirmed the significance of absorbing and adopting such technologies. Linda Anderson in the book beyond change management expresses the year 1980s and 1990s as fundamental in leading change (Boone, 2015). Numerous top leaders were fed up by the escalating dissatisfaction emanating from the catastrophes of not only creating but also implementing certain changes in organizations. Therefore, in the 2000s, introduced the change leader role which took the responsibility of the social side of the modification.
In 2010, Australia began recognizing change management as a formal ability through Christina dean’s work, which established national academic programs and competency standards from diploma to master’s level. Various change consultants have severally reported successes with agile and lean principles in reply to the continued reports of large scale failures in various parts of the globe. Kotter argues that time changes at a quicker rate than leading change (Cummings & Worley, 2014). Some of the principles/models which were being applied in the 1990s have currently being rendered meaningless. In 2012, Kotter made tremendous efforts to make his eight steps process model relevant by adding numerous ideas to the initial thinking. Despite his efforts to ensure that the model retained relevance, it still reigns as the backbone of leading change account. Nonetheless, the greatest milestone in the history of leading change was achieved between the 1960s and 2010. This is the time when the most critical changes pertaining to leading change were made. Moreover, technological inventions were embraced and applied in several organizations. Their incorporation has been attributed to various benefits being enjoyed in the 21st century.
Leadership style and leading change
Leadership styles are very significant as far as leading change is concerned. The leadership style adopted by the management in the process of advocating for change acts as the determinant of if the change initiative will be accepted or denied. Effective change leaders must be well versed of the leadership style required to achieve the anticipated change in companies or organizations. Most leaders fail in the process of leading change since it’s not an easy process. There are four major important themes on styles of leadership which can be utilized to effectively achieve change in organizations (Appelbaum et al., 2015). The themes constitute of good management only is not enough. The focus has to be directed on the people to make it more productive than when it’s centered on the tasks. The right balance needs to be struck between people and task orientation. The management should exercise flexibility when it comes to the adoption of leadership styles suitable for achieving change. Besides, leadership is demand is the other crucial theme. The leadership style applied in this situation must address the deep worries of the people. The style of leadership should also concentrate on the high needs and values of the people, and offers to mean to them. Thirdly, the people-centered leadership style is very necessary to achieve the change. The main significance of this approach is addressing the fears and anxieties of the people.
The approach touches on the uncertainties of the previous environment. It also concentrates on the effects and repercussions of a particular approach. It is irrefutable that folks do not work appropriately while facing emotional turbulence. A calm environment for their emotions is very essential because it provides a suitable environment for them to perform as expected, thus achieving the objectives (Cameron & Green, 2014). Apparently, any effective leader must recognize the unexpressed and unconscious fears of his or her people. Thereafter, the leader must work round the clock to address the concerns disturbing the people. This step is vital because it creates a calm and focused workforce which can work tirelessly towards achieving the set goals. In addition, such a workforce is usually motivated and is likely to support the anticipated organizational/managerial changes. Failure to identify and address such concerns may have big repercussions on the organization. Moreover, it is very important to appreciate the emotional dimensions of each leadership style. Boone (2015) says leaders need to understand that emotions are fundamentally contagious, thus, they should control their emotional states lest they want to nurture contagious energy which may affect the company negatively. The style and content of the leader’s communication should match with the emotional reality of the followers. By establishing the connections, it becomes quite easy to shape both the direction and sense of purpose of the people. Above all, motivation becomes much easy for the leader. The trait, behavioral, contingency, power and influence theories are the most common traits of leaders in the 21st century. The leaders have totally varying aspects and they approach leading change quite differently. In addition, their roles towards change are dissimilar based on the aspects of the leaders. At times it might be to influence, other times it may be guiding or commanding the people. The aspects of a leader highly determine if the prerequisite change will be achieved. Values such as assertiveness, empathy, and integrity are very crucial to any leader.
Organization resistance to change
Poor management of change at the workplace stands out as the main reason for resistance in organizations. If the management is poor, then the strategy of implementing the change is definitely poor. In addition, job insecurity usually looms during organizational changes because many employees are not sure if they will be displaced by the changes or not. Moreover, peer pressure can strongly and successfully fight changes in an organization (Appelbaum et al., 2015). Peer pressure is amongst the worst reasons for the resistance. Nobody would be glad to be considered a failure. Similarly, workers may resist change because they are afraid of failing after the changes are implemented. For instance, the introduction of new technologies can affect the performance of normal workers. Organizational politics which are on the rise in numerous organizations and they are strongly being criticized. They work to the disadvantage of the company and they can easily trigger the resistance to changes.
Leading change as an individual and reaching employee base
Leading change as an individual is not easy since it entails empowering and engaging the employees. Failure to incorporate the two factors may make the change unsuccessful. It is very crucial if we work towards becoming successful change leaders (Al-Haddad & Kotnour, 2015). Effective change leaders have the obligation of guiding the process from the time it commences to the end. So as to lead a change successfully, it is very essential to initiate the process, strategize on it and execute the set strategy. Boone (2015) argues reaching the employee base is very crucial because it converts the process of leading change to a simple one. Considering the types of workers present and determining the communication channels appropriate is necessary.
Motivations of Change
Motivation entails recognition of a problem, looking for a way of changing it, commencing and sticking to the strategy. It has a significant impact on the realization of change. When the employees are frustrated and demotivated, no change can be achieved. It is quite hard to motivate the workers since copious times they are motivated by themselves (Mehta, 2016). However, leaders have the capacity to create an environment where folks can motivate themselves. For example, employees can motivate themselves based on the allowances provided to them. For the leaders to motivate the employees successfully, they ought to understand the motivational needs of both the group and individual. For instance, leaders can offer bonuses for workers who hit the sales target every month. Once this is done, it becomes quite simple to improve the motivation of the employees. The Maslow and Herzberg theories can be very essential in establishing what exactly motivates people.
Challenges of a change management process
Despite various change management projects failing, there are six key success factors in the change management process. First is having a group which strongly believe that change is necessary. Secondly, the people set to undergo the change must have a key reason for embracing the anticipated change (Bloom et al, 2014). Thirdly, people must comprehend how the change may distress them. Fourthly, the communication must be done enough to prepare them in advance. In addition, the message can be repeated numerous times to remind them. The change leaders must be honest regarding the change; sugarcoating is not necessary at all. Lastly, the utilization of project management skills and processes is very essential, since they play a pivotal role in communicating and planning (Matos Marques & Esposito, 2014). The main benefit of implementing change management is enhancing the smooth transition of activities and provides a template to staffs which helps them adopt the changes easily. In addition, it assists in managing the various costs of change and minimizes the resistance related to change. Moreover, the time required to implement the change is reduced. Besides, it makes planning and executing effective communication strategy easy. The last benefit is reducing the anxiety and stress linked to the change.
To wind up, change is inevitable in the business world. Leading change is not an easy task and most of the change management processes have failed in the recent past due to various reasons. Effective team leaders are prerequisite in ensuring that the change is achieved within the stipulated time. Generally, leaders must cultivate the skills for assimilating change, providing expectedness and assist others to understand the integral risks, advantages, and reasons behind a certain change. The history of change management can be traced from the 1960s to 2012. Leadership style is very crucial in change management since it determines if the results will be obtained or not. At times, an organization will be resistance to change based on various reasons. Poor management and peer pressure are some of the reasons why change is denied in organizations. Moreover, motivations of change are essential during change management and people can be best motivated by themselves. Lastly, there are various benefits of implementing change successfully in organizations.
Summary and Conclusion
The research of this paper concludes that various aspects of leading change. Change is inevitable in any organization in the 21st century. Leading change process is an involving task which requires most of the project management skills. The biggest milestones in the history of leading change were achieved from 1960s to 2012. The leadership style employed by a leader highly determines if the change will be achieved or not. Poor communication, planning and peer pressure are some of the key reasons for resisting change in organizations. Motivations for change are fundamental in change process and the Maslow’s and Herzberg theories can help in determining what motivates people. Lastly, there are six key factors which can make the process of implementing change a success.
Relationship between leading change and business intelligence and information systems Changes in an organization are essential for business success to be achieved. Leadership in an organization is the core activity that leads to productive changes to be made in an organization (“Leading Change in Business Intelligence by Maureen Clarry – BeyeNETWORK,” 2019). For the management of an organization to make an essential change related to an organization, they have to get information sources necessary in making the relevant decisions. Business intelligence is the tool that provides organizational management with the relevant business data necessary in decision making processes. Appropriate and effective decision making can only be achieved in the condition that the leadership structure of a given organization is well defined thus facilitating decision making process related to the business and its success.
Management Information Systems (MIS) are very essential in an organization since they can provide Business performance reports which are raw data necessary for making effective decisions related to the specific organization, the raw data from MIS is also crucial in making significant management changes which are very essential for business success to be achieved. MIS systems also facilitate active employee’s communication channels, and ease of managing a large group of an organization employs (“Leading Change in Business Intelligence by Maureen – Bey NETWORK,” 2019). A practical example can be driven by Apple Inc., where the success of the company was achieved in the care scenario of involving quality managers and business intelligence tools in their organization. The CEO of Apple Inc Steve Jobs was able to use business information data that had been stored in the company’s databases to make quality decisions, which lead to the apple business success. Business intelligence and information systems can help a given organization to acquire raw data from their clients and employees; the new information collects the organization to make necessary changes required to satisfy their employees and their customers essential for business success.
CLA 2 Introduction: Course #2
In this course, we were introduced to the concepts of Management Information Systems, Business Driven MIS, Business Intelligence, Five Force Models of Evaluating Industry Attractiveness, Challenges of Business, Collaboration inside and outside organization, Sustainable Technologies, MIS, Disaster Recovery Plan, Business Continuity Plan, Portability, Reliability, Scalability and Cloud Computing. This course has provided me the ability to understand the Business Intelligence and Information System concepts and implement them in my realtime scenario at my workplace where in we have incorporate cloud computing and using Salesforce we have managed the data in the cloud for Marketing and Sales related information. This course has given me ability to possess extensive knowledge in area of business intelligence and also helped to implemented in the workspace setting effectively.
BUS 725 CLA 2
Business Intelligence
The research in this paper investigate and also audits the showcasing of various technique for the customer practices. Diverse focusing on the techniques that are dependent on Business intelligence & information systems, Business-driven MIS, Client relationship management, Information security, E-commerce which are examined in this paper including the exploration on key players in the Business intelligence industry and focusing on my realtime experience at Apple and how the key player have focused on the various aspects of Business intelligence in their companies success.
Business-driven MIS
Management information system (MIS) can simply be understood as computerized databases which helps store a wide spectrum of data such as financial and human resource data in a well-organized manner (Uhl & Gollenia, 2016). The MIS is programmed in such a way that special reports can be generated and insights drawn from the data. Business-driven MIS means maintenance of these databases that help a business progress or achieve its goals. This happens given that the MIS helps to furnish managers with the performance report, avail accurate data necessary for decision making, better management and even aid in communication just a few roles to mention.
Business-driven MIS has incredibly or played a crucial role in the growth of Apple Inc. first and foremost the Business-driven MIS has helped in communication and efficient management of a large number of employees who work in tee firm. Apple Inc. human resource department uses MIS to communicate the employees. The department is able to send generic emails to all the intended employees and even short messages which the employees receive through their mobile phones. This means that a message, notice, memo announcement or anything can reach the employees in a matter of seconds regardless of their number and location. Effective communication is key to the growth of any firm given that it helps in relaying instructions, guidelines and communicating the targets placed for every worker. Having employees who are goal oriented, have clear instructions about their jobs chances are that productivity will be high. This hence informs one of the reasons that Apple Inc. has been experiencing constant growth over the last decade.
The other importance of business-driven MIS is that it helps to measure the achievement of goals with the aim of showing every unit manager in an organization his or her progress and performance. This benefit has been realized in Apple Inc. whereby lazy managers are fired while hardworking executives are promoted to more senior positions. A good example is the Firm’s CEO whose selection was informed by MIS. Timothy Donald Cook who is the Current Apple Inc. CEO was an industrial manager at the firm prior to his promotion. Tim Cook’s excellent performance led to his appointment as the CEO a position previously held by the Apple founder that is Steve Jobs. MIS enables this given that it helps to store data of previous years or seasons, avail the current data as well as the estimates or target variables such as sales units that were placed before the year began. With this kind of data, its possible to see whether a manager is able to meet the set goals or if he is even able to surpass the targets.
Information security
Information security is one crucial aspect of every organization. Information security entails a set of measures and strategies necessary for preventing, detecting as well as countering any threats on an organization’s information (Uhl & Gollenia, 2016). The aim of information security is to maintain integrity, confidentiality as well as the availability of data only to the authorized persons only. Data is a vital asset of a business and it lands on wrong and unauthorized hand it can be stolen, manipulated, deleted and other malicious things for the benefit of the unauthorized party. An example is that one can steal the identity of an employee so as to access other vital information like banks accounts and details which can be used to transfer funds. Another example is that access to a firm’s accounts such as social media accounts can damage the reputation of a firm since If accessed misleading information can be posted from the accounts. On its evident information security is important in a business. Information can either be in soft copy that is stored in electronics such as computers and on the internet or can otherwise be in hardcopy that is stored in books and files just a few to list. Apple Inc. has ensured that both hardcopy and soft copy information is secured. To start with is the hardcopy information which mainly stored in the firm’s data centers. The company employed a heavy security detail to guard the centers 24hours in a day. The security personnel is also well trained and well remunerated to prevent them from any temptation of allowing access into the data centers to unauthorized persons. Secondly, the firm’s data centers are only accessed by a limited number of people whose identity is captured. To enter through the doors of the data centers one is required to use his fingerprints for the doors to open. This implies that if your fingerprints or identity is not captured in by the company entry is denied.
To secure its soft copy information Apple Inc. has a department led by chief information security officer called George committed to secure the data (Nonaka & Kenney, 2017). The department is responsible for carrying out a risk assessment and risk management of data. The department also does set develop information security policies to be used by the company. An example of measures that the encrypting the company’s information. This makes it hard for malicious people to read and get the information. The other strategies are like the use of passwords policies whereby employees are advised on how to create passwords, use of firewalls to deny access to certain online information and use of anti virus. These measures have helped to keep the company’s information secure but more innovative ways need to be developed to provide more security given that technology is evolving fast and at some point, the measure may be obsolete.
Business Intelligence Strategies
Business intelligence simply refers to ways, technologies and tools that a business uses to gather, analyze and also present the data to gain business insights. Collection and analysis of data by a firm is vital for the growth of any company given that first and foremost it helps in making informed decisions. Secondly, data collected from the customers help the business realize the market trends and identify the existing market gap as well as needs (Chen, Chiang & Storey, 2012). The general benefits a company which has business intelligence accrues is getting a competitive advantage in the market and being able to generate new sources of revenues.
Apple Inc. used business intelligence to develop the popular I watch. This was after realizing that there has been an increased demand for electronic gadgets necessary for health management. The data was collected from the iPhone database which showed many clients bought the iPhone since I helped them in managing their physical exercises for example running. The insight developed from the data was that if consumers would appreciate a cheaper and smaller gadget which would help them manage their physical exercises to keep them fit. It from the insight that Apple developed the smart watch which is popularly known as iWatch. There is a wide spectrum of benefits that apple inc. have accrued from the watch among them being increased revenue. Secondly, it evident that business intelligence is vital for noting marketing trends.
The other way that Apple Inc. collect data for analysis is through the collection of customers’ email addresses and the use of pay per click ad advertisement method. The pay per click method helps, in particular, to inform the company the number of clients who view it add online and the effectiveness of the method. This is crucial for the marketing department since the department is able to make decisions about the best advertisement methods it will employ using the data. This proves that business intelligence has played a key role in decision making of the company.
Information Systems
Information systems can be understood as interrelated components which comprise things such as hardware, software and data which work together to enable, collection, coordination, analysis, storage and retrieval on demand for information. There are various kind of information systems such as transaction processing, decision information and decision support information system just a few to mention.
Apple Inc. has been using information system since its inception and it is one of the company’s pillars. Firsts and foremost the Apple Inc. has been able to sell its products online such as the iPad and iPod successfully courtesy of transaction information system. This particular information system enables, display, modification, collection, processing as well as canceling of a transaction. This implies that one can purchase an iPod online from the company’s online store from the comfort of his or her home using either a computer or smartphone. The other avenue information systems have prove to be inseparable with the business is in its iTunes business. iTunes is one of the largest avenues for purchasing digital media such as music. The success has been brought about by information systems which enables the business collet client’s views and other important information which the company use to decide how to improve the iTunes.
Data management
Data management entails acquisition, storage, processing, validation as well as providing security for the data. The aim of data management is to have timely access to reliable information. Furthermore, information management is essential given that it helps simplify and provide quality information from which insights can be gotten from.
Apple Inc. has used data management to develop customer loyalty it and to better customer engagement. The company acquires, stores and analyses the customers’ feedback who uses and buys it products. It from these review, comments and feedback that is able to improve the quality of its products. A good example was when the company developed the Mac PC. The development came about as a result of Macintosh success but which was accompanied by tones of reviews. The customers wanted a friendlier graphical user interface which was not the case with Macintosh. The second avenue data management is essential especially to managers is the maintenance of resources data. This is, for example, human resource data. Apple inc. manages its employees’ portfolio through data management. This makes it easy to carry out some tasks such as payment of salaries to the over 100, 000 employees in less than an hour.
Business Tools
There is a wide array of business tools that are used to improve the performance of an organization and how it’s controlled. Examples of the tools include but not limited to planning, record and control tools. Business tools are essential in the sense that for example if they aid in planning it means that they lower the cost of forecasting or save time that could else be used to manually analyze data so that to forecast and plan how to achieve the targets.
Apple Inc. uses an array of business tools to ease some of its operations. These tools are fortunately its own products. The company equips its employees as per their needs with Mac, iPad and iPhones. These gadgets have incredible features of gathering and analyzing data. Moreover, the gadgets can make good use of applications that help in planning. By doing so the company is poised to experience continuous growth.
Networking
Business networking entails forming a mutually beneficial relationship with customers and other organizations. There are several benefits that a business which networks get. Some of them are increased visibility, meeting new potential clients, converting other organization into your customers and sharing knowledge with the other business.
Apple Inc. has been keen to tap on these benefits. The firm has formed a mutual relationship with Nike which is a reputable sportswear producing company. Apple has collaborated with NIKE to make the NIKE-iPod sports kit (Nonaka & Kenney, 2017). The kit helps runner monitor how they run on two websites that are the iTunes and Nike+. This relationship has worked for the benefit of apple Inc. which have gotten an increased market for its iPods.
E-commerce
In this digital era, e-commerce has gained a lot of popularity and acceptance. A lot of business transactions are carried online. Apple Inc. revenues are driven by e-commerce. The company makes an average of $5billion from iTunes (Apple Inc Donohoe, McGill & Outslay, 2012) sells music and movies online which earns it this high revenue. The other products the company has and conducts e-commerce through them are iBooks and Appstore. Clients can purchase books online from the iBook. Additionally, customers can buy priced application simply on the app store.
Client Relation Management (CRM)
Customer relationship management means the techniques and strategies employed by a firm to enhance its customer relations, manage the relations and even maintain customer relations (Mascarenhas, Kesavan & Bernacchi, 2016). Customer relations are important to a business given that they determine whether there will be a brand switching or brand loyalty. Given that firms chase brand loyalty the management is obliged to devise ways through which to foster good customer relations.
Apple Inc. enjoys a notable brand loyalty courtesy of its good customer relations. One of the ways that Apple ensures good customers relations is by training its sales representative found in its stores. This ensures that apart from purchasing iPhone clients are well handled and educated on the importance of having an apple product. Secondly, the company has always been asking for feedback from customers after serving them. Thirdly, after purchasing and registering an Apple Inc. product the company does stop there, the customer receives emails pertaining to the product which also help manage customer relations (Mascarenhas, Kesavan & Bernacchi, 2016). Lastly, is the online presence of the firm. Apple Inc. has official Facebook and Twitter accounts whereby it responds to clients’ queries and questions at any time they arise.
Summary and Conclusion
The research of this paper concludes how the various concepts of the business-driven MIS, e-commerce, costumer relationship management, information systems, tool business, networking, data management and business intelligence strategies are applied in the realtime scenarios focusing on key player like Apple and how they have effectively implemented them for successful business model demonstration of imagining the future that introduces the driving force for the activity.
Relationship between business intelligence and management strategy for performance
Leadership styles and structure is useful in making quality decisions related to the specific organization or business, leadership is the core in converting raw business data provided by business intelligence tool into meaningful data that will lead to business success (“How to Build an Effective Business Intelligence (BI) Strategy and Strengthen Your Business,” 2019). Effective management strategy is essential for the organization to increase its performance efficiency. Effective management strategy in an organization can be attained in only a business utilizes business intelligence tools. Internal management is very essential in facilitating external growth of an organization. Business intelligence tools in combination with management information systems will help an organization to design and build better management styles that will lead to an organization success due to effective decision making approaches achieved from the appropriate management strategy adopted by the organization.
Business Intelligence will provide management information relating to an organization employees management; if the employees are well organized and engaged in the daily operation of the business, then the business success will be achieved at ease (“How to Build an Effective Business Intelligence (BI) Strategy and Strengthen Your Business,” 2019). Management for performance will enhance effective decision making strategies to be upheld. Business intelligence tools will help an organizational business to successfully build management approaches that will positively impact to the employees and the prime organization customers. Business intelligence tool will provide relevant data about organizational behavior, effective leadership, and management styles that will positively lead to the organization growth.
CLA 2 Introduction: Course #3
Management strategy for performance courses introduces on concepts of how an organization effectively builds a strategy to develop high performance of an organization and the how the impact of those effective organizational strategies depend on various factors such as employees and the customers (Mark, 2005). The major learning concepts of this course are management strategy for performance, leadership styles, motivation aspects, decision making also its impact on organizational growth and success.
BUS 730 CLA 2
Management Strategy for Performance
IT project management involves process planning and process mapping, coordinating of both human resources, physical assets, and financial resources around that various milestones a projects that falls under information technology. Project manager adopt a leadership role which integrate avid decision making and team management competencies in the realization of IT project goals. Although coordination and planning are the major role of a project major, in the context of IT firms, the critical role is project leadership, decision making, and motivation.
Leadership tools applicable in IT projects include emotional intelligence, authority, scarcity, social proof (role modeling), among others. Below are some of the concepts of management strategy for performance which are being applied these days.
Leadership
Leadership is the process of directing, organizing and managing teams. A leader is in charge of people and activities in a certain organization or task. Many leadership theories argue between leaders being born and made. A leader can be either born or shaped or influenced by the society. The main function of leaders is to lead or co-ordinate teams to ensure goals and objectives are met. A leader defines how competent a team will and be and also determines its success. A competent leader in IT will manage teams to ensure projects such as software developments are completed on time and that everybody is doing their assigned role. A leader is in command and has the power and authority to exercise power and also use that power to manage subordinate employees under them.
The Functions of Leadership in IT project management
A good leader in IT projects organizes, directs and organizes his or her teams to produce good results. A good leader needs to understand people working under him or her to know how to handle them. A good leader ought to know every team’s personality and how to handle them under different working environments.
Leadership Styles
There exists a variety of leadership styles sat the disposal of leaders depending with the situation at hand. They include Autocratic, Democratic and Laissez-Faire.
Change Leadership
This is also referred to transformational leadership. This is where a new leader comes up with new strategies to run an organization, firm or project that was performing poorly by implementing new rules. This form of leadership is applicable where management was poorly done and there is a need to change rules and regulations. Leaders in IT should incorporate this form of leadership in new teams which were badly organized in the past. It is effective for change and progresses.
Factors that determine which leadership style to use in IT projects
Leadership style to be used may depend on the following. Some projects need creativity and others are driven by supplies. Leadership style can also be based on scenarios such as the culture of teams, where in the values, norms and responsibilities which employees are exhibiting and types of task that is being done and does it require a lot of monitoring and supervision.
Motivation
Motivation refers to the positive energy that ignites commitment and consistency focused in achieving of the desired objective. Motivation is reinforcing existing energy or incorporating new will in someone. A leader needs to know and learn motivation to be able to uplift the will of his or her employees. Motivation is essential in all stakeholders but when leaders lack motivation the team lacks direction and will to accomplish their goals. Motivating a team is not an easy task as you have to understand the weaknesses and strengths of the individuals so as to know where they need motivation. IT projects require patience as a virtue that emanates from intrinsic motivation. A reward system in form of bonuses, promotions, recommendations and awards are a form of induced motivation in IT project management.
Different types of motivation which can be used like external motivation, which is described as motivation induced in form of social learning, observation and role modeming. In IT projects, it can be induced through doing excellent and timely projects where employees can emulate. One can also be a good role model and set an example to other teams. Intrinsic motivation is kind of motivation that comes from within. It is motivation arising from oneself depending on personality traits. Strong willed people often motivate themselves. A leader should encourage his team to be strong willed. Ways to motivate a team in IT projects can be by doing activities such as reward teams which submit competent and excellent projects, outline clear objectives and expectations of each member, encourage healthy competition among others, understand each individual and their abilities,ensure clear guidelines are given and clear penalties for work poorly done and also engage your team in most aspects to foster good relations and see mission and vision are constantly reminded to stakeholders.
Importance of motivation
Increased performance-This is to ensure teams give outstanding performances in their activities. It will eventually lead to success in meeting the objectives of the firm such as employee welfare-when employees are motivated, they will perform their duties effectively which will foster a good rapport with the management, loyalty at workplace when employees are motivated, they will be determined to meet their objectives which will eventually make them feel as part of the firm hence being loyal.
How a project manager applies motivation and leadership
Information technology has evolved overtime as technology keeps changing. IT firms are increasing daily and new leaders are being chosen every time to lead teams in achieving the set objectives. There is a lot of creativity needed in the sector and leaders need to be equipped with vast knowledge on team management. There is also a lot of pressure exerted on the leaders by stakeholders and a leader should be able to work under pressure. This will include: Leading with others in mind, taking and accepting different opinions and ideas and working together with teams and solving conflicts in a professional manner. Motivation can be done through the following ways like providing Incentives i.e rewards, Challenging duties, Parties for the employees, Promotions and List of fame for some organizations.
Decision Making
Decision making is the process of diagnosing problems, identifying alternative solutions to solve the problem, choosing the best fit solution to the issue and implementing the chosen decision. Making good decisions can be regarded a skill. A project manager in IT will face challenging situations that require skills in making decisions. Some of the situations that will require decision making include; making new policies for teams, deciding which method to tackle a particular problem such as system maintenance among others. Leaders make decisions in their everyday lives which can be termed as either poor decisions or good decisions depending on the result. Being in the IT department, there exists a range of risks which are related to IT projects and the decision making skills. Decision making is a sequential process that entails a lot of steps. The first step in making a decision is making a diagnosis. This can include problems you have identified with the IT department or with stakeholders. The second step is brainstorming, which is the best alternatives. In this stage, one lists all the possible solutions without ruling out or eliminating any alternative. After listing all the alternatives, one selects the best fit solution. A research is advisable before choosing the solution. As a team leader, it is wise to engage your teams. Finally a diction is made and the responsible teams are ready to start implementing the solution (Nelson, 2007).
Decision Making in IT sector
In the IT field, there will be instances that will require decision making. Some decisions can be made by a leader himself without involving other stakeholders such as promoting industrious employees and choosing team leaders. However, some decisions are major and they hugely impact the organization hence the team’s contribution is required. This might be with the aid of the following decision making tools like SWOT analysis, Pareto analysis, Cost benefit analysis and feasibility study which helps in making effective decisions as decision making is key to any manager as it determines the nature of results in an organization as well as acts as a measure of competence of the leader. Decisions are made in several situations and the most critical one being during crisis or while facing a risk in an organization. Adams, J. Hayes, J. and Hopson, B. (1976)
Summary and Conclusion
The above skills are essential in leadership despite the field of specialization. A leader determines how productive the team will be. Employees look up on their leaders when performing their leaders. A leader who is not in control is not revered by his or her team. In IT, leaders determine the pace which teams will follow. Incompetent leaders and managers result to poor performance. One should use the three skills in shaping their leadership skills. It is important to guide a team well as that culture a leader instills in employees is passed on to future employees. Omission of leadership skills will send the whole team into chaos. Failure of engaging stake holders in making decisions will result to poorly made decisions that may lead to collapsing of a company. Lack of motivation will lead top poor results and lack of productivity… In IT fields, all the three aspects are necessary to ensure of long term projects in IT such as software development and short term projects such as system upgrade.
Relationship between management strategy and marketing strategy
Strategic management marketing strategic planning which are two aspects that are related to each other (2019). Marketing Strategy planning is very vital within a business organization, and it falls in the criteria of strategic planning. Directly marketing strategic plan is the process by which an n organization management body aligns the capabilities of their organization depending on the strength of the respective Business organization to thrive and come up with the current business environment. Successful business organizations have greater understanding and skills related to marketing concepts and techniques which are majorly facilitated by effective management tailored with the given organization (2019). Management strategies revolve in the criteria that an individual Business organization can implement a marketing approach that emphasis on three critical principles which are a competitive advantage, environmental sustainability and customer wellness focus.
The managerial process is in most cases the one involved in marketing strategic planning since administrative involvement will lead to the practical analysis of the Organizations competitive situations which leads to the management designing and implementing an appropriate marketing strategy that will impact to the organization achieving their targeted goals, aim and objectives(2019). Large companies mostly use essential strategic tools such as measuring their market strengths and weaknesses and accompanied market threats when undertaking marketing analysis and when formulating a practical marketing approach to use (“Corporate Strategy & Marketing Strategy”, 2019). Hence its clear to say that management strategy and marketing strategy are related since an organization have to analyses its market strengthens and weakness and use the analyzed data to formulate a marketing strategy which will enhance the efficiency of the organization in achieving its success (“Corporate Strategy & Marketing Strategy”, 2019).
It’s clear to note that strategic management is essential when designing and implementing a Business marketing strategy. For a business to be a success and be able to thrive in the available competitive market it has to adapt and implement a marketing structure is the most appropriate one in that case scenario. Managerial activities are essential when analyzing market analyses since administrative involvement have the capabilities of determining strengths and weakness related to an adapted marketing strategy and can formulate a marketing strategy that a given organization will benefit from in the competitive business environment. Marketing strategy is a core determinant of business success, and hence, it is advisable for Business and organization’s to adopt an effective marketing strategy to embed it in their business operation for progress to be achieved.
CLA 2 Introduction: Course #4
Marketing strategy & consumer behavior course, introduced to the concepts of consumer behavior and marketing strategy, cross cultural variation, The changing american society, demographics and social stratification, subcultures, changing american society, group influences on consumer behavior, product positioning, motivation, personality and emotion, attitudes and influencing attitudes, self concepts and lifestyles, situational influences.
This course has provided me the ability to understand the different aspects of marketing and consumer behavior and has provided ability to implement them in the real time scenario by coming up strategy to implement marketing solutions and effective consumer behavior to see the consumer behavior patterns and strategies to increase sales and perform effective marketing for increased profits.
BUS 720 CLA 2
A consumer can be described as the ultimate user of service or a product. In the consumer market, buyers of all goods and services for all kinds of utility, whether personal or family are included (Wendy, 2019). Consumer behavior describes how and why different consumers make the purchase decisions they do. It is the duty of marketers to try and understand such factors so that they can appropriately produce good and service in line with the people’s needs. Marketers and business owners have to apply the science of evaluation in order to influence customers and make more sales and achieve brand loyalty.
In order for experts to predict consumer behavior, they have to look at the process of decision making of a consumer before making a purchase. According to research, markers at times lack enough time to influence customer behavior especially when take a little amount of time to make purchases without covering all the products displayed in a certain market. On-the spot purchases with no prior intention account for about 59 percent of the goods bought especially in supermarkets, something marketers are still struggling to figure out.
Customer behavior can be influenced by giving buyers an acceptable kind of motive. Interpreting consumer behavior involves finding out what kind of good or service would attract a certain kind of person. In a bid to feel good about themselves in terms of health and appearance. Consumers can be enticed by marketers to make purchases of products that are labelled behind a legitimate reason. Sensory stimuli is part of the marketing strategies and consumers often find food that look good tasty. Marketers take advantage of this fact.
Products and Services
Consumer Behavior and Selection of Different Products and Services
Consumers purchase goods and services bases on their individual factors as well as their personal needs. Mostly, the consumer’s choice of goods and services may appear rational but in real sense, there is a reason behind every purchase consumer make. Besides utilitarian purposes, consumers may also purchase goods based on physical and biological factors or even issues to do with love, emotions, social institutions, values and goals. Personalities and prestige among others are also factors that determine the consumer behavior.
Influence of different Culture and its values that influence customer behavior
Among the fundamental determinants of a person’s behavior or their want, culture is one of them. According to research, social, culture and sub-culture classes play a vital role in determining the purchasing behavior of a certain consumer (Ahmed,2014). The operation of culture is usually within set boundaries for personal behaviors hence the operation of other institutions is influenced. However, a lot of behavior is not necessarily affected by culture since a larger percentage of human behavior is acquired through growth and not innate.
Besides setting limitations within which many people think and behave because the rest of the members of the society assume that it is right by nature, consumer behavior is also affected by the uniformity and diversity level within a given culture. Cultures with collectivist ideology place a greater value in acquiring uniformity while cultures that are individualistic in nature are inclined towards diversity. In states like UK and USA, people make consumptions based on their personal tastes and preferences hence their decisions can be labelled as more individualistic. Some cultures like the United States place high value in hygienic products while others like China don’t.
Cross-cultural Influences
Culture contains attitudes, goals, beliefs, behaviors, rules and customs. Markets also have a role to comprehend the diverse cultural meanings and their differences from one society to another. It is imperative to closely examine cross cultural meanings and determine how these differences impact consumers (Torobu, 2014). In the near future, it will be crucial for consumer researchers as well as managers to cross-cultural behavior influences the purchasing behavior due to the dynamic change in the world as countries are becoming more cross-cultural. After attending a power and influence program, one participant observed that it is not easy to influence people but influence can be achieved by employing the right style of influence in the appropriate situation (Yang, 2016). This will help to establish more productive relationships and get better results. Avenues for high chances of influence can be created through educating project managers on how ton reach common grounds when planning and running projects, flexibility in a bid to gain trust from clients and executives and finally networking with relevant people who may help out in case one is stuck.
Digital Marketing
Looking at today’s market landscape, digital marketing has become the in thing for business owners and traditional online advertising methods have become a thing of the past and quite annoying. Business owners therefore have to be up to the task and keep a track of the online trends in order to stay ahead of the market curve in this digital error (Jeremy, 2018). Prioritizing blogging for your business as well as frequently contacting customers and search engines managers goes a long way in creating a space in the digital market. Energy should also be directed in email distribution since they are taken more seriously and can serve a huge population of consumers. Engaging your audience in technological marketing resources such as webinars and podcasts gives you an extra mile in the digital world as your consumers will be informed all the time of the emerging trends and most importantly, your products.
Aspects of Digital Marketing
Retail Industry
The main purpose of digital marketing is to find and keep customers of an established business. The business owner should give the consumers a reason to get products and services from them and not from other businesses (Francis, 2018). There are several business tactics that can help one to promote a retail business. Search of the local market campaigns is one of the ways to promote a retail business since one has to get in the game of digital marketing. If possible, one can create a website for their business.
Discovering and creating content for one’s business woven together with your business expertise can help one to promote a business. It is also important to get engaged and keep in touch with your retail customers. Running your business through social media platforms that incorporate most of your customers is a great strategy which may also include customer support through messages. Joining local networks and business groups with strategic partners can take a retail business to greater levels. Offering delivery services to your customers will expand the retail business in the long run.
Realtime example of consumer behavior
Identifying and controlling a consumer’s attitude and behavior remains to be one of the toughest challenges faced by companies. Internet base research tools are less likely to suffer the flaws of qualitative surveys and insights because online interactions can capture customer feedback almost immediately after the experience and there are less chances of biasses (MacDonald, 2012). For instance, in the recent years, big companies like Microsoft and PepsiCo among others have introduced real-time experience tracking (RET) technology which enable the to track the marketing decisions.
Concepts applied in work environments/recommendations
When a workplace is stagnant and dull, this will definitely affect the productivity of a person It is normal for an employee’s motivation to be extinguished since routine and monotony are inevitable (John,2015). It is however possible to improve productivity as well as the working environment hence increase productivity.
One needs to identify motivation killers at the work place and get rid of them or just avoiding their company. Motivation of employees is vey important since unmotivated employees may not be enthusiastic to complete the allocated tasks. Badges and rankings can be used for the same. Stating the goals and expectations of a company clearly encourages employees to work fast and achieve the set goal.
Summary and Conclusion
In conclusion, the field of marketing and business is going through a period of digital revolution. Increasing population is also leading to more implementation of companies and hence the working population is struggling to maintain their jobs. The competitive number of business also calls for more advanced and appealing product and services specifically designed to fulfill consumers’ needs which are different, complicate and dynamic.
Part II: Applied Learning Question Response
Redbox Strategic Planning
High-tech advancement allows people to meet their need for expediency. High-tech in whole has emerged as part of the daily community life. Entertainment productions are growing and adapting to high-tech becoming extra accessible. Broadcasting of entertainment comes in several different forms. The essay will discuss Redbox, strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats (SWOT). Redbox is a reliable approach to view and rent Blue-ray Discs, audiovisual games and DVDs through a preset kiosk or automated device aligned for streaming films (Dixon, 2013). Stalls discovered at a convenient location, fast food café and grocery stores. Every particular Redbox kiosk holds about 600 Blu-ray Discs, games or DVDs. The price fluctuates depending on what a person wants.
New Strategic Plans and Recommendations for Competing in the Future
In order for Redbox to stay in competition in the future, it has to employ new ideas and strategy. Cost is an essential factor in addition to a strategic partnership. Therefore, Redbox needs to apply low price supplier advantage as well as calculated corporations that will motivate a good number of rental films. For it being a high-class renter of $1per day old and new DVD films. Clients who break up the Redbox instructions and stay with the film after some days experience $25 late payment fee and the owner of the account can keep the movie. Also, Redbox to provide only touch screens to choose and rent shows inaccessible areas, especially in high traffic locations such as McDonald (Hitt, Ireland & Hoskisson 2012). With this strategy, Redbox marketing kiosks will be all over in the continentals. Another competitive advantage is Redbox to partner up with a corporation that has a low-cost approach, together with other production companies. Such as Lionsgate, Universal Studios, Paramount, Sony, 20th Century Fox and Warner Bros that will facilitate stronger brand acknowledgement to develop buyer awareness for Redbox.
Significant Research to Support and/or Justify Your Plans and Recommendations
With Redbox digital, it will give Redbox another shot for online films. It will provide the consumers with a new experience of streaming service. Redbox should not stop searching for a way to improve their customer’s experience. Because for almost ten million customers, Redbox is their home for first-hand release rentals minus any subscriptions. As such, Redbox needs to carry out a regular test of possible fresh offerings, which will be of benefit for both Redbox and the market, as part of their current commitment to offering additional significance.
In several ways, streaming service would not be a new thing to the customers. In addition to Redbox digital, a customer is in control and able to rent TV show episodes as well as movies for streaming or buy digital copies (Roettger, 2016). Through this Redbox, users will discover a digital content collection as a label on the Redbox site, near an existing panel for games and movies; thus, the company need to follow through the plans offered. Thus making Redbox general desirability and future predictions built on (SWOT) analysis that is:
Strengths – lack of monthly payment, small cost, old and new DVDs, free will to take back videos, suitable locality for any Redbox kiosk and user-friendly accessible reservations.
Weakness – an expensive corporation with studios and limited video selection. With the business’s strategy and commercial model not freely adjustable to internet conveyance of rental shows makes Redbox aggressive vulnerable to developing consumer first choice for internet conveyance and reasonable VOD supplier’s leads to a massive resource weakness and inexpensive obligation for the future.
Opportunities – online downloads or video streaming, growing to video game production expansion into more foreign republic markets.
Threats – Netflix and DVD length
For future predictions built on Redbox’s SWOT evidence it is good-looking for now however there is prospect room for development in incomes and functioning profits as the industry requirement change to internet provision of rental films and reasonable efforts of VOD can entice more consumers to their pay-per-view conveyance ideal.
A Plan to Mitigate Some of the Effects of Porter’s Five (5) Competitive Forces
According to Ferri, (2013) the Porter’s five forces representations are
Competitive rivalry – industry rivalry is a representation analysis of the strength of the competition in current time in the market area; it decides the figure of existing competitors, as well as what each can do. There are many corporations in the world like Kryo digital and others that is why industry rivalry aid in fixing the cost rate of the corporation and direct opposition.
The threat of replacement – these forces study how informal it is for customers to change from one corporative production to another of the opposition due to the look art of the figure of rivals, how they relate in price and quality.
Negotiating power of buyers – negotiation power is because in the section to the budget in that if low-cost options are available.
Negotiating power of suppliers – negotiating power of supplier fluctuates from the type of suppliers in the movie industry.
Threats of new competitors – risks of fresh competitors into the industry are due to the power of the hindrances to the admission and the outcome answers of the present competitors.
A Plan for Implementation
Redbox has three major target market sections, family viewer, non-internet savvy person and the casual viewer (David & David, 2013). For casual viewer target market section, Redbox markets towards them. They in advantage with a program of no monthly agreement fee different from their competitor Netflix. The casual viewer does not rent adequate games or films to justify the payment. They appreciate the convenience of the area of the Redbox for the comfort of renting for demanding dads and moms.
Conclusion
This paper is evidence of the learning of various concepts from the Doctor of Business Administration year 1program which included, managing an organization to increase the performance, leading the change and marketing strategies to increase business revenue. Besides these managerial topics, the author has also learned how important it is to have proper information via business intelligence for a successful turnover of the business
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. 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APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. 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