Biology Paper 2 Theory
BIOLOGY 5090/21 Paper 2 Theory October/November 2019 1 hour 45 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen.
You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.
DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Section A
Answer all questions in this section.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
Section B
Answer both questions in this section.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
Section C
Answer either question 8 or question 9.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
You are advised to spend no longer than one hour on Section A.
Electronic calculators may be used.
You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.
At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.
The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
Section A
Answer all questions in this section.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
- The table shows some of the components found in 100 cm3 of cow’s milk, breast milk and breast milk substitute (formula milk).
component cow’s milk breast milk breast milk substitute protein / g 3.3 1.2 1.3 sugar / g 4.2 6.4 7.0 fat / g 3.0 4.0 1.4 calcium / mg 120.0 120.0 49.0 iron / mg 0.1 0.1 0.5 vitamin C / mg 1.0 2.0 8.3 vitamin D / μg 20.0 200.0 1.2
- Name two main components of a normal healthy diet that do not appear in the table.
1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 Marks]
b. State which type of milk would be least likely to ensure the development of healthy bones and teeth, and explain your answer.
type of milk ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
explanation ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[3 Marks]
C. State which type of milk would provide a baby with the greatest amount of energy. Give your reasons.
type of milk ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
reasons ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [3 Marks]
d. Suggest why babies fed on breast milk may have more resistance to disease than those fed on any other type of milk.
2. The diagram shows the structure of a virus.
(a). Identify the structures labelled A and B on the diagram. A
(b). Name a disease caused by:
(i). a virus
(ii). a bacterium
[c] (i). State two characteristics of bacteria that are not characteristics of viruses.
(ii). State one structural feature absent in a bacterial cell that is always present in a plant cell.
[d]. The diagram shows how the structural features found in plant cells and in animal cells can be grouped together.
List three features that would be grouped in region C on the diagram.
[3]. The graph shows the rates of water loss for three plants, D, E and F, during the first 14 minutes of an experiment. The plants are of different species and are growing in identical conditions.
[a]. Name the process by which plants lose water to the atmosphere.
[b]. Suggest three reasons for the differences in rates of water loss shown by the three plant species.
[c]. In the experiment, after 14 minutes, air is blown across plant E for 2 minutes and a black bag is placed over plant F for the remaining 10 minutes.
(i). Continue the lines on the graph to show what would happen to the rates of water loss for plants E and F.[2]
(ii). Explain the shape of each line you have drawn
a. Plant E?
b. Plant F?
[4]. (a). Some people find that certain vegetables, such as Brussels sprouts, taste bitter and are unpleasant to eat. Scientists believe that one dominant allele (T) of a particular gene gives people the ability to detect the bitter taste. Two parents find that Brussels sprouts taste bitter. In the space below, draw a genetic diagram to show how these parents can have a child who does not find that Brussels sprouts taste bitter.
(b). Genes are also important in the clotting of blood. Blood will clot normally if a person possesses at least one dominant allele (B). This gene is carried only on the X chromosome. Suggest why more males than females are likely to suffer from a disease in which blood does not clot normally.
[5]. The diagrams show a model used to demonstrate the process of human breathing. Diagram G shows the model after breathing in, and diagram H after breathing out.
[a]. (i). Name the structure in the human body represented by J in the model
(ii). Name the structure in the human body represented by the elastic band. State the action of this structure during the process of breathing out.
(b). structure? Action?
[b]. Name a muscle that is used in human breathing, but is not represented in the model. State the action of this muscle during the process of breathing out. Muscle? Action?
[c]. Describe and explain the effect of increasing the volume of the thorax on the movement of air during human breathing.
Section B
Answer both questions in this section.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
[6]. The diagrams show a man fishing.
[a]. In diagram K, his fishing rod bends downwards when he catches a fish. Explain how his nervous system is made aware that the rod is bending.
[b]. Diagram L shows him raising the rod further after catching the fish. Explain how named structures in his right arm have caused the arm to bend in the way shown.
[7]. (a) Explain how energy from the Sun can eventually be used for active transport in the alimentary
(b) Solar energy is increasingly being used to replace fossil fuels to generate electricity. Explain the disadvantages of continuing to use fossil fuels to generate electricity.
Section C
Answer either question 8 or question 9.
Write your answers in the spaces provided.
[8]. (a) Describe and explain how a protein molecule that is eaten becomes molecules of urea that are excreted.
(b) Explain why carbon dioxide does not normally pass out of the leaves of a plant during the day.
[9]. (a) Describe and explain how a nitrate ion in the soil becomes part of a stored molecule in the seed of a plant.
(b). Explain why water is essential for the process of seed germination.
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors 10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. GET THIS PROJECT NOW BY CLICKING ON THIS LINK TO PLACE THE ORDER
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