Order ID 53563633773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages to Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
QUESTION ONE
(a) Write the electron configuration for the following using s, p, d notation.
Symbol Electron configuration
Cl
Cr
V
(b) Data for the first ionisation energies of Ge and Br are given below.
Element First ionisation energy / kJmol-1
Ge 769
Br 1140
- Define the term first ionisation energy.
- Give reasons for the difference in the ionisation energies of germanium, Ge, and bromine, Br, with reference to their electron configurations.
AS91390 2 CH3.4X20
(c) The electronegativity and radii for the elements oxygen, O, and sulfur, S, are given below.
Element Electronegativity Atomic radius / pm O 3.44 60 S 2.58 100
Discuss the reasons for difference in the trend for the radii and electronegativity of these elements.
QUESTION TWO
- Complete the table below by drawing Lewis structures and naming the shape for XeF2O2 and BrF4 .
XeF2O2 B F4–
Lewis
structure
Name of
shape
(b) The Lewis structures of AsF5 and BrF5 are shown below.
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- Compare and contrast the boiling points for each of the following pairs of compounds by discussing all the relative forces of attraction between the molecules in each compound.
(i) Pentane Decane Formula C5H12 C10H22 Boiling point / oC 36.1 174.0 Molar mass / g mol-1 44.1 128.3
(ii) Propanamine Propan-1-ol Formula CH3CH2CH2NH2 CH3CH2CH2OH Boiling point / oC 48 97 Molar mass / g mol-1 59.1 60.0 Question 3 starts on the next page
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QUESTION THREE
- (i) Write an equation for the reaction for which the enthalpy change is the enthalpy of formation of hexane, C6H14( ).
- Calculate the enthalpy change for the combustion of hexane (C6H14(ℓ)), given the enthalpies of formation below.
C6H14(ℓ) + 9½O2 (g) 6CO2(g) + 7H2O(ℓ)
fHo(C6H14(ℓ)) = -199 kJ mol 1
fHo(CO2(g)) = -394 kJ mol
fHo (H2O(ℓ)) = -286 kJ mol
Question 3 continues on the next page
(iii) The equation for the formation of Al2Cl6(s) is: 2Al(s) + 3Cl2(g) Al2Cl6(s) Calculate the enthalp change, rH°, for this reaction using the following data: 2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) Al2Cl6(aq) + 3H2(g) rH° = 1003 kJ mol 1 H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2HCl(g) rH° = 184 kJ mol 1 HCl(g) HCl(aq) rH° = 72.4 kJ mol 1 Al2Cl6(s) Al2Cl6(aq) rH° = 643 kJ mol 1
- The dissolving of ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, in water is an endothermic process, but ammonium chloride readily dissolves in water.
NH4Cl(s) NH4+(aq) + Cl (aq)
Justify, in terms of the entropy changes of the system and the surroundings, why ammonium chloride readily dissolves in water.
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- When 10.6 g of ammonium chloride, NH4Cl, is dissolved in 65.0 mL of water, the temperature of the water changes from 20.9°C to 11.5°C.
The mass of the final solution is 75.6 g
Assume specific heat capacity of aqueous ammonium chloride = 4.18 J g 1 °C 1
M(NH4Cl) = 53.5 g mol 1
Calculate the enthalp change, rH°, for dissolving ammonium chloride in water.
Stirrer
Thermometer
Reacting solution
RUBRIC
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