The twentieth-century British philosopher Stephen Toulmin
Order ID 53563633773 Type Essay Writer Level Masters Style APA Sources/References 4 Perfect Number of Pages to Order 5-10 Pages Description/Paper Instructions
Toulmin Argument
Review and Outline
Review: The twentieth-century British philosopher Stephen Toulmin noticed that good, realistic arguments typically will consist of six parts. He used these terms to describe the items.
Claim: The statement being argued (a thesis) with a Qualifier: Statements that limit the strength of the argument or statements that propose the conditions under which the argument is true.
Sub Claim (Reasons or Arguments for the Main Claim in the Introduction)
Grounds: The facts or evidence used to prove the Sub Claim (Reasons or Argument)Warrants: The general, hypothetical (and often implicit) logical statements that serve as bridges between the claim and the grounds.
Backing: Statements that serve to support the warrants (i.e., arguments that don’t necessarily prove the main point being argued, but which do prove the warrants are true.)
Rebuttals: Counter-arguments or statements indicating circumstances when the general argument does not hold true.
An argument written in this manner unfolds to reveal both the strengths and limits of the argument. This is as it should be. No argument should pretend to be stronger than it is or apply further than it is meant to. The point here isn’t to “win” or “beat” all the counterarguments; the point is to come as close to the truth or as close to a realistic and feasible solution as we possibly can.
Remember that your audience/reader is someone who does not already agree with you. Consider how and where to add additional logical evidence to help them accept your position.
Toulmin’s model reminds us that arguments with qualifiers and rebuttals help the audience consider the proposed argument better than if the argument is present as an absolute. Doing so lets the reader know how to take the reasoning, how far it is meant to be applied, and how general it is meant to be.Outline Assignment
The Toulmin model is useful for analyzing an argument you are reading or for revising and strengthening an argument you have written. For this essay, you will depend primarily on your Classical Argument essay, but you will also use what you learned about your oppositions position from the Rogerian essay to expand your rebuttal. The focus now is to examine your warrants, determine where you can add backing to strengthen those warrants, and to expand and strengthen your refutation section by adding evidence.
I. Introduction of the problem or topic. (Do *not* use the same introduction paragraph from your Classical Argument essay). Rework the Information. Use the Review and Thesaurus on Word to help provide options of different Word Choice.
A. Material to get the reader’s attention (a “hook”)
B. Introduce the problem or topic
C. Introduce the claim or thesis with accompanying qualifier that limit the scope of the argument. (This will help you cut the topic down to a manageable length.) A Toulmin thesis is stated as a claim of fact, not a policy claim or claim of value.
II. Narration and/or Partition paragraphs
A. Keep this section from your Classical Argument but revise it to match your rewritten thesis statement and to focus the reader on this new approach to your issue.
III. Offer the sub claims (the 3 argument paragraphs from the Classical Argument shorter, more concise) to support the Main Claim Statement This outline offers sentence starters for you to use. Use the new language.
A. The sub claim for this issue is Sub Claim #1 (former argument or reason for Major Claim in introduction)
The grounds for the sub claim are (Grounds -evidence from research- for #1)
The warrant is (or the connect between the sub claim and ground is) (Warrant #1 (describe what you are assuming the reader already knows about the connection between the sub claim and the grounds)
The backing for this warrant from the research is (Backing for Warrant #1 is needed from the research.
B. The sub claim for this issue is Sub Claim #2 (former argument or reason for Major Claim in introduction)
The grounds for the sub claim are (Grounds -evidence from research- for #2)
The warrant is (or the connect between the sub claim and ground is) (Warrant #2 (describe what you are assuming the reader already knows about the connection between the sub claim and the grounds)
The backing for this warrant from the research is (Backing for Warrant #2 is needed from the research.
C. Sub Claim #3 if needed Same as above
Etc.IV. Some disagree with the Major Claim of this issue. Discuss counterarguments and provide rebuttal (evidence from research).
A. One counterargument is (Counterargument #1)
A rebuttal is (Rebuttal to counterargument #1)
A. One counterargument is (Counterargument #2)
A rebuttal is (Rebuttal to counterargument #2)
B. Counterargument #3 if neededV. Conclusion (Do *not* use the same conclusion paragraph from your Classical Argument essay). Rework the information. Use the Review and Thesaurus on Word to help provide options of different Word Choice.
A. Explain the implications of the argument and provide a final evocative thought to ensure the reader remembers the argument.
RUBRIC
QUALITY OF RESPONSE NO RESPONSE POOR / UNSATISFACTORY SATISFACTORY GOOD EXCELLENT Content (worth a maximum of 50% of the total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 20 points out of 50: The essay illustrates poor understanding of the relevant material by failing to address or incorrectly addressing the relevant content; failing to identify or inaccurately explaining/defining key concepts/ideas; ignoring or incorrectly explaining key points/claims and the reasoning behind them; and/or incorrectly or inappropriately using terminology; and elements of the response are lacking. 30 points out of 50: The essay illustrates a rudimentary understanding of the relevant material by mentioning but not full explaining the relevant content; identifying some of the key concepts/ideas though failing to fully or accurately explain many of them; using terminology, though sometimes inaccurately or inappropriately; and/or incorporating some key claims/points but failing to explain the reasoning behind them or doing so inaccurately. Elements of the required response may also be lacking. 40 points out of 50: The essay illustrates solid understanding of the relevant material by correctly addressing most of the relevant content; identifying and explaining most of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology; explaining the reasoning behind most of the key points/claims; and/or where necessary or useful, substantiating some points with accurate examples. The answer is complete. 50 points: The essay illustrates exemplary understanding of the relevant material by thoroughly and correctly addressing the relevant content; identifying and explaining all of the key concepts/ideas; using correct terminology explaining the reasoning behind key points/claims and substantiating, as necessary/useful, points with several accurate and illuminating examples. No aspects of the required answer are missing. Use of Sources (worth a maximum of 20% of the total points). Zero points: Student failed to include citations and/or references. Or the student failed to submit a final paper. 5 out 20 points: Sources are seldom cited to support statements and/or format of citations are not recognizable as APA 6th Edition format. There are major errors in the formation of the references and citations. And/or there is a major reliance on highly questionable. The Student fails to provide an adequate synthesis of research collected for the paper. 10 out 20 points: References to scholarly sources are occasionally given; many statements seem unsubstantiated. Frequent errors in APA 6th Edition format, leaving the reader confused about the source of the information. There are significant errors of the formation in the references and citations. And/or there is a significant use of highly questionable sources. 15 out 20 points: Credible Scholarly sources are used effectively support claims and are, for the most part, clear and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition is used with only a few minor errors. There are minor errors in reference and/or citations. And/or there is some use of questionable sources. 20 points: Credible scholarly sources are used to give compelling evidence to support claims and are clearly and fairly represented. APA 6th Edition format is used accurately and consistently. The student uses above the maximum required references in the development of the assignment. Grammar (worth maximum of 20% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 5 points out of 20: The paper does not communicate ideas/points clearly due to inappropriate use of terminology and vague language; thoughts and sentences are disjointed or incomprehensible; organization lacking; and/or numerous grammatical, spelling/punctuation errors 10 points out 20: The paper is often unclear and difficult to follow due to some inappropriate terminology and/or vague language; ideas may be fragmented, wandering and/or repetitive; poor organization; and/or some grammatical, spelling, punctuation errors 15 points out of 20: The paper is mostly clear as a result of appropriate use of terminology and minimal vagueness; no tangents and no repetition; fairly good organization; almost perfect grammar, spelling, punctuation, and word usage. 20 points: The paper is clear, concise, and a pleasure to read as a result of appropriate and precise use of terminology; total coherence of thoughts and presentation and logical organization; and the essay is error free. Structure of the Paper (worth 10% of total points) Zero points: Student failed to submit the final paper. 3 points out of 10: Student needs to develop better formatting skills. The paper omits significant structural elements required for and APA 6th edition paper. Formatting of the paper has major flaws. The paper does not conform to APA 6th edition requirements whatsoever. 5 points out of 10: Appearance of final paper demonstrates the student’s limited ability to format the paper. There are significant errors in formatting and/or the total omission of major components of an APA 6th edition paper. They can include the omission of the cover page, abstract, and page numbers. Additionally the page has major formatting issues with spacing or paragraph formation. Font size might not conform to size requirements. The student also significantly writes too large or too short of and paper 7 points out of 10: Research paper presents an above-average use of formatting skills. The paper has slight errors within the paper. This can include small errors or omissions with the cover page, abstract, page number, and headers. There could be also slight formatting issues with the document spacing or the font Additionally the paper might slightly exceed or undershoot the specific number of required written pages for the assignment. 10 points: Student provides a high-caliber, formatted paper. This includes an APA 6th edition cover page, abstract, page number, headers and is double spaced in 12’ Times Roman Font. Additionally, the paper conforms to the specific number of required written pages and neither goes over or under the specified length of the paper. GET THIS PROJECT NOW BY CLICKING ON THIS LINK TO PLACE THE ORDER
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