Make note of all the pregnancy category x medications
Know your reversal agents/antidotes
Flumazenil– Benzo antagonist
Naloxone (narcan)– opioid overdose
Know example medications for each pharmacologic class
Drug of choice medications for specific ailments
Contraindications of herbal products
Chamomile– increases risk of bleeding with anti-coagulants
Cranberry– decreased elimination of many drugs that are renally excreted
Echinacea– possible interference with or counteraction to immunosuppressant drugs and antivirals
Evening primrose– possible interaction with antipsychotic drugs
Garlic– possible interference with hypoglycemic therapy and the anticoagulant warfarin (Coumadin)
Gingko- may increase risk for bleeding with anticoagulants (warfarin, heparin) and antiplatelet (aspirin, clopidogrel)
Ginger root- at high dosages, possible interference with cardiac, antidiabetic and anticoagulant drugs
Hawthorn- may lead to toxic levels of cardiac glycosides (e.g., digitalis)
Kava- may increase the effect of barbiturates and alcohol
Saw palmetto- may change the effects of hormones in oral contraceptive drugs, patches, or hormonal replacement therapies
Valerian- increases nervous system depression if used with sedatives
johns wort- may lead to serotonin syndrome if used with other serotonergic drugs (ex. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). May interact with many drugs including antidepressants, antihistamines, digoxin, immunosuppressant’s, theophylline and warfarin.
Grape fruit- decreases metabolism of drugs used for erectile dysfunction, estrogens, and psychotherapeutic. Increases risk for toxicity of immunosuppressant’s, HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, and some psychotherapeutic drugs increases intensity and duration of effects of caffeine.
Effective patient education techniques
Allergy considerations with medications
Pharmacokinetics of insulin preparations
Signs/symptoms of toxicity associated with medications that have a narrow therapeutic index
Therapeutic ranges of medications that have a narrow therapeutic index
Medications that are co-administered with another medication to combat adverse effects
Laboratory values one would monitor to gauge a medications effectiveness/toxicity
Signs/symptoms of various disease states
Causes for specific disease states
Key terminology
Contraindications/black box warnings
Vitamins/minerals (roles they play, alternative names, what deficiencies lead to)
Significant interactions with alcohol (things beyond sedation)
Antacid formulations and their adverse effects
Barriers to patient cpmpleince and how to combat them
Rights of nursing and medication administration
Types of pharmacologic therapy
Lifestyle considerations when receiving pharmacological therapy
Mechanism of action of various medications
Key drugs
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